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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which diseases are reportable infectious diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Pediculosis.
- B. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
- C. Anthrax.
- D. Diphtheria.
- E. Tuberculosis.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Anthrax, Diphtheria, and Tuberculosis are reportable due to their severe public health implications, potential for outbreaks, and, in the case of anthrax, bioterrorism concerns. Pediculosis and bacterial conjunctivitis, while public health concerns, are not typically mandated for reporting to the CDC.
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An adolescent tells the school nurse that she is pregnant. Her last menstrual period was 4 months ago, and she has not yet received any medical care. She smokes but denies any other substance use. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Encourage smoking cessation.
- B. Arrange for childcare.
- C. Offer nutritional instruction.
- D. Refer for prenatal care.
- E. Teach breastfeeding methods.
- F. Notify her parents.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Smoking cessation, nutritional instruction, and prenatal care referral are critical to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes. Childcare and breastfeeding education are less immediate, and notifying parents requires careful consideration of confidentiality.
A nurse is interested in studying the incidence of infant death in a particular city and wants to compare that city's rate to the state's rate. Which state resource should the nurse select to gather this information?
- A. Census data.
- B. Bureau of Vital Statistics.
- C. Disease registry.
- D. Department of Health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Bureau of Vital Statistics provides detailed data on vital events like deaths, making it the best resource for accurate infant mortality rates for city and state comparisons.
The nurse notes that the influenza immunization rates are much lower for certain demographic groups than for others. Which intervention is likely to be most useful in increasing the rates of immunization in these under-served immunization groups?
- A. Legislative proposals that mandate influenza vaccinations for all.
- B. Radio announcements about the availability of the influenza vaccine.
- C. Reports describing influenza rates during times of greatest prevalence.
- D. Designation of clinics conveniently located in target neighborhoods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conveniently located clinics address access barriers, increasing influenza vaccination rates in underserved groups.
Several clients who have recently come to the local health clinic in a rural county are diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). After reporting the occurrence to the health department, which community focused action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Collaborate with local schools in screening children.
- B. Develop a community educational program.
- C. Provide referrals for home health care follow up.
- D. Perform a community health assessment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A community health assessment is the first step to understand the extent of the TB outbreak, identify high-risk groups, and tailor interventions like screening or education effectively.
A 66-year-old client is retiring and will no longer have health insurance through a place of employment. Which agency should the client be referred to by the employee health nurse for health insurance needs?
- A. Women, Infant, and Children program.
- B. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act provisions.
- C. Medicare.
- D. Medicaid.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medicare is the federal health insurance program for those 65 and older, making it the most suitable for a 66-year-old retiree's insurance needs.