Nokea
According to the theory of planned behaviour, what is the best predictor of behaviour?
- A. Attitude
- B. Habit
- C. Intention
- D. Social norm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planned behaviour intention rules, not just liking, routine, or peer push. Nurses bet on this, a chronic action cue.
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Risk factors for developing COPD include:
- A. Seasonal respiratory conditions and family history of emphysema
- B. Age, high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle
- C. History of cardiovascular and autoimmune conditions
- D. Indoor and outdoor air pollution
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: COPD risk factors center on chronic airway damage. Seasonal respiratory conditions may exacerbate, not cause, COPD, though family history of emphysema suggests genetic risk (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), but it's less primary than exposure. Age is a factor as lung function declines naturally, but high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle are more linked to obesity or cardiovascular disease, not directly COPD. Cardiovascular and autoimmune histories don't drive COPD etiology smoking and pollution do. Indoor (e.g., biomass smoke) and outdoor air pollution (e.g., particulates) are major irritants, causing inflammation and irreversible airflow limitation, per Deravin and Anderson (2019). Pollution's role is critical globally, especially in occupational or urban settings, outweighing secondary factors by directly triggering the chronic inflammatory cascade defining COPD pathogenesis.
A 50 year old man has a BP of 160/100 mmHg despite being on 10 mg Lisinopril om. Which of the following is not a good choice?
- A. Diuretic
- B. Calcium channel blocker
- C. Bisoprolol
- D. Losartan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BP 160/100 diuretic, calcium, beta, upping lisinopril stack; losartan doubles ACE, risks crash. Nurses dodge this chronic overlap.
Which of the following is NOT an example of intermittent fasting?
- A. Alternate day fasting
- B. Very low calorie diet
- C. Time restricted feeding
- D. Religious fasting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intermittent fasting flips eating windows alternate days, time limits, 5:2, and religious fasts fit, cycling feast and famine. Very low calorie diets slash intake daily, not intermittently, a steady cut, not a fast. Clinicians spot this outlier, shaping obesity's chronic rhythm, a key distinction in diet's dance.
A 16-year-old female patient experiences alopecia resulting from chemotherapy, prompting the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and situational low self-esteem. What action by the patient would best indicate that she is meeting the goal of improved body image and self-esteem?
- A. The patient requests that her family bring her makeup and wig
- B. The patient begins to discuss the future with her family
- C. The patient reports less disruption from pain and discomfort
- D. The patient cries openly when discussing her disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alopecia guts self-image, especially at 16 requesting makeup and a wig shows she's fighting back, reclaiming her look and confidence. It's active, not passive, unlike future talks (hopeful but vague), less pain (physical, not emotional), or crying (raw but not progress). Nurses in oncology cheer this, knowing it signals resilience against chemo's brutal psychosocial hit, a win for body image goals.
The nurse supervises the care of a patient with a temporary radioactive cervical implant. Which action by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), if observed by the nurse, would require an intervention?
- A. The UAP flushes the toilet once after emptying the patient's bedpan.
- B. The UAP stands by the patient's bed for 30 minutes talking with the patient.
- C. The UAP places the patient's bedding in the laundry container in the hallway.
- D. The UAP gives the patient an alcohol-containing mouthwash to use for oral care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cervical implant's radioactive 30 minutes bedside overshoots exposure limits (under 30's safe); flushing , laundry , and mouthwash don't radiate. Nurses in oncology intervene UAP need time caps to dodge radiation, a safety must.