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According to the WHO, in 2022, what percentage of all new HIV infections occurred among persons AFAB?
- A. 46%
- B. 63%
- C. 10%
- D. 25%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (46%). The term "AFAB" refers to "assigned female at birth." According to the WHO, around 46% of all new HIV infections in 2022 occurred among individuals assigned female at birth. This statistic highlights the disproportionate burden of HIV on this particular demographic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the specific data provided by the WHO for new HIV infections among persons AFAB in 2022.
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What is the priority nursing care associated with oxytocin infusion?
- A. Monitoring uterine response (don't want it to ruptur
- C. Measuring urinary output
- D. Check cervical dilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because monitoring uterine response is crucial when administering oxytocin infusion to prevent uterine hyperstimulation and rupture. This involves assessing contraction frequency, duration, and strength. Measuring urinary output (choice C) is important for overall fluid balance but not directly related to oxytocin infusion. Checking cervical dilation (choice D) is not a priority when administering oxytocin. Choice B is incomplete.
A nurse is caring for a newborn delivered by vaginal birth with a vacuum assist. The newborn's mother asks about the swollen area on her son's head. After palpation to identify that the swelling crosses the suture line, which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. "Mongolian spots can be found on the skin of many newborns."
- B. "A caput succedaneum occurs due to compression of blood vessels."
- C. "This is a cephalhematoma, which can occur spontaneously."
- D. "This is erythema toxicum, which is a transient condition."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "This is a cephalhematoma, which can occur spontaneously."
1. Cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal hemorrhage that does not cross suture lines and is due to trauma during delivery.
2. Caput succedaneum (choice B) occurs due to pressure during labor and resolves within a few days.
3. Mongolian spots (choice A) are benign bluish-grey birthmarks commonly found in newborns and are not related to head swelling.
4. Erythema toxicum (choice D) is a common rash in newborns, not related to head swelling.
In summary, the correct choice is C because it accurately describes the condition observed in the newborn after vacuum-assisted delivery.
After being in labor several hours with no progress the patient diagnosed with CPD and must have a c/s. the patient is worried that she will not be able to have any future children vaginally. After sharing this info with her care provider, the nurse would anticipate should would receive what type of incision?
- A. Transverse
- B. Vertical
- C. Low vertical
- D. Pfannenstiel
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vertical incision. In cases of CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion) where labor is not progressing and a cesarean section is necessary, a vertical incision is typically performed. This type of incision allows for better access to the uterus and is preferred in emergency situations like CPD. A transverse incision (choice A) is commonly used in elective c-sections but may not provide enough access in cases of CPD. Low vertical (choice C) is not ideal for CPD as it limits visibility and access. Pfannenstiel incision (choice D) is a horizontal incision placed low on the abdomen and is typically used in elective c-sections, not specifically for CPD cases.
What component of a health history for a wellness exam includes information on lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and recreational drug use?
- A. chief complaint/reason for visit
- B. gynecologic history
- C. medications and supplements
- D. social history
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: social history. This component of a health history focuses on lifestyle factors that can impact a person's overall health and well-being. It includes information on diet, exercise habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and recreational drug use. By understanding these factors, healthcare providers can assess potential risks, provide appropriate counseling, and tailor interventions to promote health.
A: Chief complaint/reason for visit is not the correct answer as it pertains to the specific reason why the patient is seeking medical attention.
B: Gynecologic history is focused on a specific aspect of health related to female reproductive health and is not inclusive of overall lifestyle factors.
C: Medications and supplements focus on the use of medications and supplements and do not cover lifestyle factors such as exercise habits or recreational drug use.
How can a nurse reduce the risk of infection in a newborn in the NICU?
- A. Maintain strict hand hygiene
- B. Limit visitors and monitor closely for signs of infection
- C. Ensure proper sterilization of equipment
- D. Administer prophylactic antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (B): Limiting visitors and monitoring closely for signs of infection in a newborn in the NICU is crucial because newborns are highly vulnerable to infections. By restricting visitors, the risk of introducing pathogens is reduced. Close monitoring allows for early detection of any signs of infection, enabling prompt intervention to prevent complications.
Summary of Other Choices:
A: While maintaining strict hand hygiene is important, it alone is not sufficient to reduce the risk of infection in a newborn in the NICU.
C: Proper sterilization of equipment is essential but may not directly address the risk of infection transmission from visitors or other sources.
D: Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended as a routine measure due to the potential for antibiotic resistance and adverse effects in newborns. Monitoring and prevention are preferred over indiscriminate antibiotic use.