Nokea
Acute bronchiolitis is associated with:
- A. A higher incidence in infants than in school children
- B. The production of copious amounts of purulent sputum
- C. Widespread fine crackles
- D. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute bronchiolitis is more common in infants and is associated with fine crackles. Purulent sputum and polymorphonuclear leucocytosis are not typical features.
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The routine investigation of a 4-year-old with an uncomplicated UTI involves:
- A. Renal ultrasound scan
- B. Micturating cystogram
- C. DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan
- D. DTP scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A renal ultrasound scan is a standard initial investigation for a child with an uncomplicated UTI to assess for structural abnormalities.
Regarding bronchial asthma:
- A. Mortality has shown an increase during the past three decades
- B. The incidence is greater in males than females
- C. Nocturnal cough is a recognised feature
- D. Post-RSV bronchial hyperreactivity is strongly associated with atopy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nocturnal cough is a common and recognized feature of bronchial asthma, often disrupting sleep.
Common causes of seizures in a neonate are:
- A. Hypocalcaemia
- B. Hypoglycaemia
- C. Pyridoxine deficiency
- D. Hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hypoglycaemia is a common cause of neonatal seizures. The other options (a, c, d, e) are also causes but less common.
An older client is admitted after falling while walking. The left leg is externally rotated and shorter than the right leg, and the client is having severe pain and tingling in the left foot. The nurse is unable to palpate the left pedal pulses. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?
- A. Use a doppler to assess bilateral pedal pulses
- B. Administer pain medication to relieve discomfort.
- C. Position the client’s left leg in a neutral position to reduce pain.
- D. Immobilize the left leg to prevent further injury.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing pedal pulses with a doppler is critical to evaluate circulation and detect potential vascular compromise in the affected limb.
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) has a predictable relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). A JVP of >12 mm Hg predicted PAWP >22 mm Hg by 88% in which of the following trials?
- A. BNP
- B. ESCAPE
- C. EVEREST
- D. EMPA REG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ESCAPE trial studied the effectiveness of therapies in patients with advanced heart failure and showed that elevated JVP was correlated with high pulmonary artery wedge pressures.