Nokea
Acute bronchiolitis is associated with:
- A. A higher incidence in infants than in school children
- B. The production of copious amounts of purulent sputum
- C. Widespread fine crackles
- D. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute bronchiolitis is more common in infants and is associated with fine crackles. Purulent sputum and polymorphonuclear leucocytosis are not typical features.
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The MOST common cause of syncope in children is
- A. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- B. prolonged QT syndrome
- C. atrioventricular block
- D. neurocardiogenic syncope
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common cause of syncope in children due to autonomic dysfunction.
The following are examples of acquired heart disease. Select all that apply.
- A. Infective endocarditis
- B. Coarctation of the aorta
- C. Rheumatic fever (RF)
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired heart diseases include conditions that develop after birth, such as infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels are congenital heart defects.
About juvenile chronic arthritis:
- A. Rheumatoid factor is an important diagnostic test to perform in suspected cases
- B. Pauciarticular type is the commonest type
- C. Cervical spine involvement is uncommon
- D. Methotrexate is the first line drug in therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pauciarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common subtype, typically affecting fewer than five joints in the first six months of disease.
Symptoms in patients with aortic stenosis depend on the severity of the obstruction EXCEPT
- A. cardiomegaly
- B. pulmonary congestion
- C. weak pulses
- D. pale skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pale skin is not a typical symptom of aortic stenosis.
The following statements about immunoglobulins are false:
- A. IgG is not transferable across the placenta
- B. IgM is usually a pentamer
- C. IgE levels are raised in parasitic infestations
- D. IgD is important in antibody dependent cytotoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IgG is not transferable across the placenta: IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus.