Nokea
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is the agent of choice for which of the following infections?
- A. HIV
- B. AIDS
- C. candida
- D. herpes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acyclovir is an antiviral medication specifically effective in treating herpes infections. It works by inhibiting the replication of the herpes virus, shortening the duration of the infection. While Acyclovir can be used in HIV and AIDS patients to treat opportunistic viral infections, it is not a primary drug for managing HIV or AIDS itself. Candida is a type of fungus, and infections caused by Candida are treated with antifungal medications, not antivirals like Acyclovir. Therefore, the correct answer is herpes.
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Which of the following indicates a hazard for a client on oxygen therapy?
- A. A 'No Smoking' sign is on the door.
- B. The client is wearing a synthetic gown.
- C. Electrical equipment is grounded.
- D. Matches are removed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is that the client is wearing a synthetic gown. A synthetic gown might generate sparks of static electricity, which can be a fire hazard, especially in the presence of oxygen. Clients on oxygen therapy should wear cotton gowns to minimize the risk of fire. The other options are not hazards for a client on oxygen therapy: having a 'No Smoking' sign on the door promotes safety by preventing smoking, ensuring electrical equipment is grounded reduces the risk of electrical hazards, and removing matches decreases the risk of fire hazards.
A client whose right leg is in skeletal traction complains of pain in the leg. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Asking the client to wiggle their toes
- B. Medicating the client with the prescribed analgesic
- C. Realigning the client
- D. Removing some of the traction weights
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a client in skeletal traction complains of pain, the priority action for the nurse is to realign the client. Severe pain may indicate the need for realignment or that the traction weights are too heavy. Realigning the client should be the initial response as it can help alleviate the pain by ensuring proper alignment. Asking the client to wiggle their toes may not address the underlying issue causing the pain. Removing traction weights should never be done unless specifically ordered by the healthcare provider as it can affect the traction's effectiveness. Medicating the client with analgesics should only be considered after attempting to address the cause of the pain, which in this case, is realignment.
How many temporary teeth should the nurse expect to find in a 5-year-old client's mouth?
- A. up to 10
- B. up to 15
- C. up to 20
- D. up to 32
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 5-year-old child can have up to 20 temporary (deciduous or baby) teeth. The first tooth usually erupts by age 6 months, and the last by age 30 months. All temporary teeth are usually shed between 6 and 13 years of age. Therefore, a 5-year-old child should have up to 20 temporary teeth. The correct answer is 'up to 20.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the correct number of temporary teeth in a 5-year-old child's mouth is up to 20, not 10, 15, or 32.
Ethics committees typically do not handle which of the following issues?
- A. Nonpayment of bills.
- B. Euthanasia.
- C. Starting or stopping treatment.
- D. Use of feeding tubes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethics committees primarily focus on addressing ethical dilemmas in healthcare. Issues like euthanasia, decisions regarding starting or stopping treatment, and the use of feeding tubes for nutritional support involve complex ethical considerations related to patient care and end-of-life decisions, which are commonly deliberated by ethics committees. However, nonpayment of bills is a financial matter and falls outside the typical scope of ethics committees' functions.
What should be included in the assessment of a client with a cast?
- A. capillary refill, warm toes, no discomfort.
- B. posterior tibial pulses, warm toes.
- C. moist skin essential, pain threshold.
- D. discomfort of the metacarpals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a client with a cast, it is crucial to check for capillary refill to ensure adequate circulation. Warm toes indicate good circulation, while the absence of discomfort suggests the cast is not causing any pain or undue pressure on the client. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the essential components of assessing a client with a cast.