Nokea
After a person was abducted and raped at gunpoint by an unknown assailant, which trauma syndrome is most likely to occur?
- A. Decreased motor activity.
- B. Confusion and disbelief.
- C. Flashbacks and dreams.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Confusion and disbelief. After experiencing a traumatic event like abduction and rape at gunpoint, it is common for individuals to feel confused and in disbelief due to the overwhelming nature of the experience. This reaction is part of the acute stress response and is a normal psychological defense mechanism. Decreased motor activity (choice A) is less likely to be the immediate response to such a traumatic event. Flashbacks and dreams (choice C) are more characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may develop later on but are not the initial trauma syndrome. Choice D is incorrect as trauma responses are expected in this situation.
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An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?
- A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
- B. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
- C. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
- D. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Communication with individuals who have schizophrenia might be difficult because of their various thought disorders. The nurse can be most effective by using simple language, keeping to concrete concepts, and clarifying and validating as needed (B). Yes/no questions (A) limit information, silence (C) may not engage, and open-ended questions (D) may confuse.
A nurse conducts group therapy on the eating disorders unit. Sessions are scheduled immediately after meals. What is the rationale?
- A. Provide a forum for journaling about foods eaten.
- B. Shift the patients' focus from food to psychotherapy.
- C. Promote processing of anxiety associated with eating.
- D. Focus on weight control mechanisms and food preparation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because scheduling group therapy sessions immediately after meals can help promote processing of anxiety associated with eating. This timing allows patients to address their feelings and thoughts about food in a supportive environment, leading to better understanding and management of their anxieties. Choice A is incorrect because journaling about foods eaten is not the primary purpose of group therapy sessions. Choice B is incorrect as the main focus is on addressing anxiety related to eating disorders, not shifting focus to psychotherapy. Choice D is incorrect as weight control mechanisms and food preparation are not the main objectives of group therapy for eating disorders.
Some eating habits that seem to contribute to the incidence of cardiovascular disease are
- A. A diet that is high in fat
- B. A diet that is low in vegetables
- C. A diet that is low in fruits
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-fat, low-vegetable, and low-fruit diets all contribute to cardiovascular disease by increasing cholesterol and reducing nutrients.
The nurse has recently set limits for a patient with borderline personality disorder. The patient tells the nurse, 'You used to care about me. I thought you were wonderful. Now I can see I was mistaken. You're hateful.' Which phenomenon is represented by this response?
- A. Splitting
- B. Denial
- C. Reaction formation
- D. Projection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Splitting. Splitting is a defense mechanism commonly seen in individuals with borderline personality disorder where they perceive others as either all good or all bad. In this scenario, the patient's sudden shift from viewing the nurse as wonderful to hateful demonstrates splitting. The patient is unable to integrate both positive and negative aspects of the nurse's behavior, leading to extreme and polarized perceptions.
Choice B: Denial involves refusing to accept reality to protect oneself from uncomfortable truths, which is not demonstrated in this response.
Choice C: Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where an individual behaves in a way that is opposite to their true feelings, which is not evident in the patient's response.
Choice D: Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto someone else, which is not the case in this scenario.
False beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called
- A. fantasies
- B. hallucinations
- C. illusions
- D. delusions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Delusions are fixed false beliefs resistant to contradictory evidence, unlike hallucinations (perceptions).