Nokea
After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, a client is likely to undergo hormone replacement therapy. A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?
- A. Esophageal carcinoma
- B. Laryngeal carcinoma
- C. Pituitary carcinoma
- D. Colorectal carcinoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland's adenohypophysis.
2. The procedure is used to treat pituitary tumors, which can be benign or malignant, but commonly referred to as pituitary adenomas.
3. Pituitary adenomas may secrete hormones excessively, leading to various endocrine disorders.
4. Hormone replacement therapy is required post-surgery to manage hormonal deficiencies.
5. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Pituitary carcinoma).
Summary:
A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the pituitary gland, which is the primary target of a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy.
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Mr. Chua has developed liver cirrhosis. Nurse Bea expects alteration in which laboratory values?
- A. carbon dioxide level
- B. prothrombin time
- C. gastric pH
- D. white blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: prothrombin time. In liver cirrhosis, the liver's ability to produce clotting factors is impaired, leading to prolonged prothrombin time. This indicates an increased risk of bleeding. Choice A is incorrect as carbon dioxide levels are not typically affected by liver cirrhosis. Choice C, gastric pH, is unrelated to liver function. Choice D, white blood cell count, is not directly affected by liver cirrhosis. Therefore, the alteration in prothrombin time is the most relevant laboratory value to monitor in this case.
A client with suspected lung cancer is scheduled for thoracentesis as part of the diagnostic workup. The nurse reviews the client’s history for conditions that might contraindicate this procedure. Which condition is a contraindication for thoracentesis?
- A. A seizure disorder
- B. Anemia
- C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- D. A bleeding disorder
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A bleeding disorder. Thoracentesis involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to remove fluid. A bleeding disorder increases the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure. This can lead to complications such as hematoma formation, pneumothorax, or even life-threatening bleeding. It is crucial to assess and address bleeding disorders before performing thoracentesis to ensure the safety of the client.
A: A seizure disorder is not a contraindication for thoracentesis unless uncontrolled seizures could compromise the safety of the procedure.
B: Anemia alone is not a contraindication for thoracentesis, as it does not directly increase the risk of complications during the procedure.
C: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not a contraindication for thoracentesis unless it is severe and compromises the client's ability to tolerate the procedure.
A baby is born temporarily immune to the diseases to which the mother is immune. The nurse understands that this is an example of which of the following types of immunity?
- A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
- B. Naturally acquired active immunity
- C. Artificially acquired passive immunity
- D. Artificially acquired active immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Naturally acquired passive immunity. This type of immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection. The baby does not produce its antibodies, hence it is passive. Choice B, naturally acquired active immunity, involves the body producing its antibodies after exposure to a pathogen. Choice C, artificially acquired passive immunity, involves receiving preformed antibodies from an external source. Choice D, artificially acquired active immunity, involves the body producing antibodies in response to vaccination.
A brain abscess is a collection of pus within the substance of the brain and is caused by:
- A. Direct invasion of the brain
- B. Spread of infection by other organs
- C. Spread infection from nearby sites
- D. All of the above mechanisms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a brain abscess can be caused by direct invasion of the brain, spread of infection by other organs, and spread of infection from nearby sites. Direct invasion can occur from trauma or surgery, while infections from other organs like the lungs or heart can travel through the bloodstream to the brain. Infections from nearby sites such as the sinuses or ears can also spread to the brain. Therefore, all of these mechanisms can lead to the formation of a brain abscess. Choices A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the possible causes of a brain abscess, making D the correct comprehensive answer.
The nurse inserts an intravenous (IV) catheter using the correct technique and following the recommended steps according to standards of care and hospital policy. Which type of implementation skill is the nurse using?
- A. Cognitive
- B. Interpersonal
- C. Psychomotor
- D. Judgmental
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Psychomotor. The nurse is demonstrating psychomotor skills by inserting an IV catheter correctly. Psychomotor skills involve the ability to perform physical tasks effectively and efficiently. This skill requires coordination, dexterity, and precision. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Cognitive skills involve thinking, analyzing, and problem-solving.
B: Interpersonal skills involve communication and interaction with others.
D: Judgmental skills involve critical thinking and decision-making.