Nokea
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
- A. Mouth
- B. Esophagus
- C. Stomach
- D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. The enzyme amylase, found in saliva, starts the process by breaking down starches into sugars. The esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach and does not participate in digestion. The stomach mainly digests proteins and is not the primary site for carbohydrate breakdown. While the small intestine does play a crucial role in digesting carbohydrates, it is not where the process initiates. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth.
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What would a diet manual most likely contain?
- A. Procedures for disinfecting cooking surfaces
- B. Staff sanitation guidelines
- C. Information on specific patients' resting metabolic rates
- D. Specific food preparation methods
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A diet manual typically contains guidance on specific food preparation methods to ensure proper nutrition and health for individuals following the diet. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A and B refer to sanitation procedures and staff hygiene issues, which are important but not typically the focus of a diet manual. Choice C, regarding specific patients' resting metabolic rates, is too individualized and detailed for a general diet manual, as it would be part of a personalized dietary plan developed with a healthcare professional.
What primarily determines the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein?
- A. Intake of fatty acids
- B. Gender
- C. Height
- D. Body weight
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein is primarily determined by an individual's body weight. This is because the body's protein requirement is proportionate to its size, which is generally reflected in the body weight. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: While factors such as fatty acid intake, gender, and height can influence an individual's overall nutritional needs, they do not directly determine the DRI for protein.
Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed for the absorption of which vitamin?
- A. vitamin B12
- B. folate
- C. niacin
- D. vitamin B6
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is then absorbed in the ileum. This absorption process is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not require intrinsic factor for absorption. Folate is absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism, niacin can be absorbed in the small intestine without the need for intrinsic factor, and vitamin B6 does not rely on intrinsic factor for absorption.
Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?
- A. dietitian
- B. speech-language pathologist
- C. dietetic technician
- D. occupational therapist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An occupational therapist is the team member who works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and teaches the client how to use them. Occupational therapists specialize in helping individuals with physical or cognitive impairments to perform daily activities. In this scenario, the need for special feeding devices may be due to impaired motor function or disability, making the occupational therapist the correct choice. The other options, dietitian, speech-language pathologist, and dietetic technician, do not typically specialize in evaluating the need for feeding devices or teaching clients how to use them.
Amy is a 68-year-old patient who has rheumatoid arthritis affecting her hands and feet. Which substance has been shown to reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in some people with this type of arthritis?
- A. Alfalfa Tea
- B. Cod Liver Oil
- C. Lecithin
- D. Fish Oil
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fish oil has been identified as a substance that can help reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, while Alfalfa Tea, Cod Liver Oil, and Lecithin have various health benefits, there isn't substantial evidence to suggest that they can improve conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis.