Nokea
After instructing the client on crutch walking technique, the nurse should evaluate the client's understanding by using which of the following methods?
- A. Return demonstration
- B. Explanation
- C. Achievement of 90 on written test
- D. Have the client explain the procedure to the family
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After teaching the client on crutch walking technique, assessing the client's understanding is crucial. The most effective method to evaluate the client's comprehension of a hands-on skill like crutch walking technique is through a return demonstration. This allows the nurse to observe the client performing the technique, ensuring they have grasped the instructions correctly and can execute the skill safely. While providing an explanation can help clarify doubts, it may not confirm the client's ability to perform the skill. Achieving a high score on a written test assesses cognitive understanding but not necessarily the practical application of the skill. Having the client explain the procedure to the family does not directly assess their ability to perform the skill themselves; it tests their ability to communicate the information to others.
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The nurse is planning care for a patient with a wrist restraint. How often should a restraint be removed, the area massaged, and the joints moved through their full range?
- A. Once a shift
- B. Once an hour
- C. Every 2 hours
- D. Every 4 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints should be removed every 2 hours to prevent complications. Moving the joints through their full range of motion helps prevent muscle shortening and contractures. Massaging the area promotes circulation and reduces the risk of pressure injuries. Removing restraints less frequently could lead to complications like decreased circulation and skin breakdown. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the standard practice of removing restraints every 2 hours to ensure patient safety and well-being.
Each small square on the EKG paper is:
- A. 0.04 seconds long and 5mm tall
- B. 0.2 seconds long and 5mm tall
- C. 0.04 seconds long and 20mm tall
- D. 0.04 seconds long and 1mm tall
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each small square on an EKG paper represents 0.04 seconds long and 1mm tall. This standardization is essential for accurate measurements. One large square on EKG paper consists of 5 small squares in length and 5 small squares in height, which equals 0.2 seconds long and 5mm tall (0.5 mV). Choice A is incorrect because while the duration is correct, the height mentioned is not accurate. Choice B is incorrect as it provides the correct height but the duration is inaccurate. Choice C is incorrect as the height mentioned is exaggerated, and the duration is correct but the height is not. Therefore, the correct answer is 0.04 seconds long and 1mm tall.
In addition to standard precautions, the nurse caring for a patient with rubella would plan to implement what type of precautions?
- A. Droplet precautions
- B. Airborne precautions
- C. Contact precautions
- D. Universal precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rubella is an illness transmitted by large-particle droplets, so the nurse should implement droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. Airborne precautions are used for diseases spread through small particles in the air, such as tuberculosis, varicella, and rubeola. Contact precautions are utilized for diseases transmitted by direct contact with the patient or their environment. Universal precautions and body substance isolations are part of the CDC's standard precautions recommendations, but do not specifically address the transmission route of rubella.
A client on the nursing unit is terminally ill but remains alert and oriented. Three days after admission, the nurse observes signs of depression. The client states, 'I'm tired of being sick. I wish I could end it all.' What is the most accurate and informative way to record this data in a nursing progress note?
- A. Client appears to be depressed, possibly suicidal
- B. Client reports being tired of being ill and wants to die
- C. Client does not want to live any longer and is tired of being ill
- D. Client states, 'I'm tired of being sick. I wish I could end it all.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Subjective data includes thoughts, beliefs, feelings, perceptions, and sensations that are apparent only to the person affected and cannot be measured, seen, or felt by the nurse. This information should be documented using the client's exact words in quotes. The other options indicate that the nurse has drawn the conclusion that the client no longer wishes to live. From the data provided, the cues do not support this assumption. A more complete assessment should be conducted to determine if the client is suicidal.
A 75-year-old client, hospitalized with a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), becomes disoriented at times and tries to get out of bed but is unable to ambulate without help. What is the most appropriate safety measure?
- A. Restrain the client in bed
- B. Ask a family member to stay with the client
- C. Check the client every 15 minutes
- D. Use a bed exit safety monitoring device
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D is the most appropriate safety measure in this scenario. Using a bed exit safety monitoring device allows the client to retain some independence while ensuring that the nursing staff is alerted when assistance is needed. This solution promotes client safety without compromising their autonomy. Option A, restraining the client in bed, can lead to increased agitation, confusion, and a loss of independence. Option B, asking a family member to stay with the client, shifts the responsibility away from the healthcare team. Option C, checking the client every 15 minutes, is not a sufficient safety measure as the client could attempt to get out of bed in the unobserved interval, risking falls and injury.