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After routine patient contact, how long should hand washing last at least?
- A. 30 seconds
- B. 1 minute
- C. 2 minutes
- D. 3 minutes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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After 5 days of diuretic therapy with 20mg of furosemide (Lasix) daily, a patient begins to exhibit fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle weakness. These symptoms probably indicate that the patient is experiencing:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Anorexia
- D. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms of fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle weakness in a patient after starting furosemide therapy are indicative of hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium depletion, causing hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can manifest with muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue due to alterations in neuromuscular function and decreased ATP production.
What is the appropriate needle gauge for intradermal injection?
- A. 20G
- B. 22G
- C. 25G
- D. 26G
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Why is a precise amount of oxygen necessary for a patient with COPD to prevent which complication?
- A. Cardiac arrest related to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2)
- B. Circulatory overload due to hypervolemia
- C. Respiratory excitement
- D. Inhibition of the respiratory hypoxic stimulus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In patients with COPD, the respiratory drive is often stimulated by low oxygen levels. Administering too much oxygen can inhibit this hypoxic drive, leading to respiratory depression and potential respiratory failure. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully regulate the oxygen therapy to prevent the inhibition of the respiratory hypoxic stimulus in COPD patients.
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for developing pressure ulcers?
- A. An alert chronic arthritic patient treated with steroids and aspirin
- B. An 88-year-old incontinent patient with gastric cancer who is confined to bed at home
- C. An apathetic 63-year-old COPD patient receiving nasal oxygen via cannula
- D. A confused 78-year-old patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) who requires assistance to get out of bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. An elderly patient who is incontinent, bedridden, and suffering from a serious illness like gastric cancer is at the highest risk for developing pressure ulcers. Being bedridden and incontinent increases the pressure on certain areas of the body, leading to tissue damage and the development of pressure ulcers. Additionally, the patient's age and underlying health condition further contribute to their risk. It is crucial to identify and address such risk factors promptly to prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers in vulnerable patients.
For a rectal examination, the patient can be directed to assume which of the following positions?
- A. Genupectoral
- B. Sims
- C. Horizontal recumbent
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.