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After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about the historical perspectives of mental health care, the instructor determines that the group has understood the information when they identify which of the following as a common belief about mental illness during the medieval period?
- A. Mental illness in an individual was the result of being possessed by demons.
- B. A person was removed from a contaminated environment to protect him or her.
- C. Exorcisms were used as primary mode of treatment to cleanse the person of his or her sins.
- D. The focus was on moral treatment to promote the individual?s safety and comfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the medieval period, mental illness was commonly believed to result from demonic possession, with treatments often involving exorcisms or other religious interventions, reflecting the era?s spiritual understanding of mental disorders.
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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify that the report recommended an increase in which of the following?
- A. Numbers of mental health hospitals
- B. State funding for mental health care
- C. Clinics supplemented by general hospital units
- D. Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (1961) recommended increasing community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to shift care from large state institutions to more accessible, community-oriented settings.
When providing care to a patient, the psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing the therapeutic use of self. The nurse is applying the concepts based on the work of which individual?
- A. Hildegarde Peplau
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Dorothea Dix
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau?s work, particularly her book *Interpersonal Relations in Nursing* (1952), introduced the concept of the therapeutic use of self, emphasizing the nurse?s role in building therapeutic relationships with patients.
A nursing instructor is describing the concept of evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Which of the following would the instructor include as being important?
- A. Research findings
- B. Expert opinion
- C. Clinical experiences
- D. Patient data
- E. Established routines
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing integrates research findings, expert opinion, clinical experiences, and patient data to inform care decisions. Established routines are not necessarily evidence-based and may not reflect current best practices.
As part of a career day presentation to a group of nursing students, a psychiatric-mental health nurse plans to describe how this specialty developed. Which individual would the nurse describe as playing a major role in the development of specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses?
- A. Mary Adelaide Nutting
- B. Hildegarde Peplau
- C. Harriet Bailey
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau played a pivotal role in developing specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses, notably through her establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University in 1954 and her foundational work in psychiatric nursing theory.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is asked to be a guest speaker at a community fund-raising event for mental health services. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as the primary goal of mental health services?
- A. Access to affordable mental health care
- B. Removal of exclusions because of preexisting conditions
- C. Recovery from mental illness
- D. Effective treatment for mental health care needs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of mental health services, as emphasized in modern mental health policy (e.g., New Freedom Commission on Mental Health), is recovery from mental illness, focusing on enabling individuals to live fulfilling lives despite mental health challenges.