Nokea
After teaching a client with congestive heart failure (CHF), the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which client statements indicate correct understanding of the teaching related to nutritional intake?
- A. I should limit my fluid intake to 2 liters per day
- B. I need to avoid adding salt to my foods
- C. I should eat foods high in potassium, like bananas
- D. I must avoid foods high in vitamin K
- E. I will check food labels for sodium content
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Clients with CHF should limit fluid intake (typically to 2 liters/day), avoid adding salt, eat potassium-rich foods (especially if on diuretics), and check sodium content. Avoiding vitamin K is specific to clients on warfarin, not a general CHF requirement.
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A nurse cares for a client with end-stage heart failure who is awaiting a transplant. The client appears depressed and states, 'I know a transplant is my last chance, but I don't want to become a vegetable.' How should the nurse respond?
- A. Would you like to speak with a priest or chaplain?
- B. I will arrange for a psychiatrist to speak with you
- C. Do you want to come off the transplant list?
- D. Would you like information about advance directives?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This client is verbalizing a real concern about negative outcomes of the surgery. Providing information about advance directives allows the client to express their wishes and feel some control over their future. The other responses do not directly address the client's concerns or empower them.
A nurse assesses clients on a cardiac unit. Which clients should the nurse identify as at greatest risk for the development of acute pericarditis?
- A. A 36-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- B. A 52-year-old woman recovering from a myocardial infarction
- C. A 59-year-old woman recovering from cardiac surgery
- D. An 80-year-old man with a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract
- E. An 80-year-old woman with a stage III sacral ulcer
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Acute pericarditis is associated with systemic connective tissue diseases like SLE, post-myocardial infarction (Dressler's syndrome), post-cardiac surgery inflammation, and bacterial infections. Stage III sacral ulcers do not increase the risk.
A nurse cares for a client with right-sided heart failure. The client asks, 'Why do I need to weigh myself every day?' How should the nurse respond?
- A. Daily weights will help us identify if you are gaining or losing fluid
- B. Daily weights will help us make sure that you're eating properly
- C. The hospital requires that all inpatients be weighed daily
- D. You need to lose weight to decrease the incidence of heart failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Daily weights are critical for monitoring fluid retention or loss in clients with right-sided heart failure, as fluid accumulation is a key symptom of this condition. The other responses do not accurately address the purpose of daily weighing.
A nurse assesses a client after administering isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur). The client reports a headache. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Initiate oxygen therapy
- B. Hold the next dose of Imdur
- C. Instruct the client to drink water
- D. Administer PRN acetaminophen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vasodilating effects of isosorbide mononitrate frequently cause headaches during the initial period of therapy. Clients should be told about this side effect and encouraged to take the medication with food. Some clients obtain relief with mild analgesics, such as acetaminophen. The headache is not related to hypoxia or dehydration, so oxygen or water would not help. Holding the medication is not warranted.
A nurse cares for a client recovering from prosthetic valve replacement surgery. The client asks, 'Why will I need to take anticoagulants for the rest of my life?' How should the nurse respond?
- A. The prosthetic valve requires thinner blood to function properly
- B. Blood clots form more easily in artificial replacement valves
- C. The vein taken from your leg reduces circulation in the leg
- D. The surgery left a lot of small clots in your heart and lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synthetic valve prostheses and scar tissue provide surfaces on which platelets can aggregate easily and initiate the formation of blood clots. The other responses are inaccurate.