Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about the various drugs used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as being used to treat osteoporosis?
- A. DMARDs
- B. Bone resorption inhibitors
- C. Skeletal muscle relaxants
- D. Uric acid inhibitors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone resorption inhibitors are used to treat osteoporosis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Uric acid inhibitors are used to treat gout. Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to alleviate muscle spasms and cramping.
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A nurse would monitor a client closely for increased CNS depressant effects when a skeletal muscle relaxant is used concomitantly with which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Antihistamine
- B. Oral contraceptives
- C. Alcohol
- D. Opiates
- E. Antidiabetic medications
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The concomitant use of skeletal muscle relaxants and antihistamines, alcohol, opiates, or sedatives can result in increased CNS depressant effects.
A client tells the nurse that she takes her prescribed medication immediately upon arising each morning and does not eat or drink anything for 30 minutes while she stays in an upright sitting position. The nurse determines that the client is adhering to the medication regimen because which drug has been prescribed?
- A. Methotrexate
- B. Allopurinol
- C. Risedronate
- D. Baclofen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client is taking a bisphosphonate, which requires that it be taken upon arising in the morning with 6 to 8 ounces of water, with the client remaining in an upright position. Methotrexate (a DMARD), allopurinol (uric acid inhibitor), and baclofen (skeletal muscle relaxant) are taken with or immediately after meals to minimize gastric distress.
Before administering dantrolene to a client, the nurse checks the client's medical history for possible contraindications for use. Which condition would the nurse identify as problematic? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypertension
- B. Atrial fibrillation
- C. Hepatic disease
- D. Diabetes
- E. Lactation
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The use of dantrolene is contraindicated during lactation and in clients with active hepatic disease and muscle spasm caused by rheumatic disorders.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cyclobenzaprine. The nurse would expect to assess which of the following as indicating the therapeutic effect of the drug?
- A. Reduction of muscle spasm
- B. Prevention of convulsion
- C. Relief from anxiety
- D. Relief from nervous disorder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cyclobenzaprine affects muscle tone, thereby causing reduction of muscle spasm. Administration of cyclobenzaprine does not result in prevention of convulsion, relief from anxiety, or relief from nervous disorder.
A nurse is caring for a client with a musculoskeletal disorder who is experiencing a significant impairment in the ability to ambulate due to pain. As a result, the client spends a majority of time in bed. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Changing the client's position every 2 hours
- B. Changing the bed linens every hour
- C. Encouraging the client to walk with assistance
- D. Encouraging the client to exercise with assistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should change the client's position every 2 hours and inspect pressure sites for skin breakdown. The nurse need not change linens every hour. Once the client's condition improves, then encouraging ambulation with assistance and exercises would be appropriate.