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After teaching a group of students about the different routes of medication administration, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a topical drug?
- A. Capsule
- B. Suppository
- C. Nebulized bronchodilator
- D. Nicotine patch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical drugs are drugs that are applied to the outer layer of the skin but not absorbed through the skin, such as eyedrops and suppositories. A nebulized bronchodilator is an inhaled medication. A nicotine patch delivers the medication transdermally; that is, it is readily absorbed from the skin. A capsule is a form of oral medication.
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A patient has a drug level of 50 units/mL and the drug's half-life is 1 hour. If concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given, how long will it take for the blood level to reach the nontoxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2). After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range.
A nurse is reviewing the health care record of a client who reports urinary incontinence and asks about a prescription for Oxybutynin. The nurse should recognize that Oxybutynin is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?
- A. Bursitis
- B. Brussels
- C. Depression
- D. Glaucoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxybutynin is contraindicated in glaucoma due to its anticholinergic effects increasing intraocular pressure.
Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is true?
- A. Dosing may be titrated according to the decrease of steatorrhea
- B. The amount of carbohydrates in the meal drives the amount of enzyme used
- C. The amount of medication used is increased with a cystic fibrosis pulmonary flare
- D. The FDA and Internet-available formulations are bioequivalent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme dosing adjusts based on steatorrhea reduction; carbs aren't the driver, and flares don't increase it.
Which of the following drug increase the sensitivity of fatty tissue and muscles towards insulin:
- A. Dapagliphlozin
- B. Miglitol
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitasone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, enhances insulin sensitivity in fat and muscle via PPAR-gamma activation.
Patients need to be instructed regarding the drug interactions with St John's wort, including:
- A. MAO inhibitors
- B. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- C. Over-the-counter cough and cold medications
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: St John's wort interacts with MAOIs, SSRIs (risk of serotonin syndrome), and OTC drugs via CYP450 induction.