Nokea
After the nurse provides dietary restrictions to the parents of a child with celiac disease, which statement by the parents indicates effective teaching?
- A. “Well follow these instructions until our child’s symptoms disappear.â€
- B. “Our child must maintain these dietary restrictions until adulthood.â€
- C. “Our child must maintain these dietary restrictions lifelong.â€
- D. “We’ll follow these instructions until our child has completely grown and developed.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Celiac disease requires lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet to prevent symptoms and complications.
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All are true about genotype - phenotype correlation in Brugada syndrome, except
- A. SCN5A mutation is associated with short PR interval
- B. LTCC mutation is associated with short QT interval
- C. Yield of genetic testing is low (25%)
- D. No major therapeutic implication of genetic testing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: There are therapeutic implications of genetic testing in Brugada syndrome.
Typical features of Down's syndrome include:
- A. Brachycephaly
- B. Hypotonia
- C. Male infertility
- D. Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotonia is a key feature of Down's syndrome, often leading to delayed development and muscle weakness.
Triggers of the alternate pathway of complement are:
- A. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide
- B. Interleukin 2
- C. Macrophages
- D. Properdin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a known trigger of the alternate complement pathway. The other options (b-e) are not primary triggers.
Indications for an exchange transfusion include:
- A. ABO incompatibility
- B. Acute chest syndrome
- C. Sepsis
- D. Polycythaemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exchange transfusion is indicated in conditions like ABO incompatibility to prevent severe hemolytic disease in newborns. Acute chest syndrome sepsis polycythaemia and sickle nephropathy are not typical indications for exchange transfusion.
The following statements regarding retinoblastoma are correct:
- A. It is usually fatal even if diagnosis is made early
- B. The tumour is heritable
- C. They may occur bilaterally
- D. The finding of leucorrhoea suggests the diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinoblastoma is heritable and can occur bilaterally. Early diagnosis improves prognosis, and leucorrhoea is not associated with retinoblastoma.