Nokea
__________ aging reflects the reality that aging well involves not only achievement of desirable outcomes but also effective coping with life's challenges and losses.
- A. Optimal
- B. Successful
- C. Peerless
- D. Capital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Successful.' Successful aging encompasses achieving desirable outcomes and coping effectively with life's challenges and losses. 'Optimal' could imply a focus solely on achieving the best outcomes without considering challenges and losses. 'Peerless' means unmatched or unrivaled, which does not address coping with challenges. 'Capital' is related to wealth or assets and is not suitable in the context of aging and coping with life's difficulties.
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Which factor disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism?
- A. Self-regulation
- B. Frequent eating out
- C. Reduced sleep
- D. Using screen media
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced sleep is the correct answer as it affects hormones that regulate hunger and metabolism, leading to increased appetite and weight gain. Self-regulation is not directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism. Frequent eating out may impact food choices and portion sizes but is not specifically linked to disrupting the brain's regulation. Using screen media can affect sleep patterns but is not as directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism as reduced sleep.
The more a mental ability depends on __________ intelligence, the earlier it starts to decline.
- A. fluid
- B. crystallized
- C. emotional
- D. cultural
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid. Fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and reasoning, tends to decline earlier than crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves knowledge and skills acquired over time and is more stable with age. Emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence are not directly related to the decline of mental abilities mentioned in the question, making them incorrect choices.
Piaget's _________ stage is the most complex period of development.
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. formal operational
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The formal operational stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and logical reasoning. This stage represents the most complex period of cognitive development according to Piaget. Choices A, B, and C refer to earlier stages in Piaget's theory and do not involve the level of abstract thinking and logical reasoning seen in the formal operational stage.
Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________.
- A. is a rare practice among American women
- B. leads directly to later obesity
- C. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
- D. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breastfeeding for even a short period offers infants protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding is not a rare practice among American women. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct link between breastfeeding for a few weeks and later obesity. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not cause constipation in infants; in fact, it can help prevent constipation.
At Kohlberg's Stage __________, individuals can imagine alternatives to their own social order, and they emphasize fair procedures for interpreting and changing the law.
- A. 3, the 'good boy/good girl' orientation
- B. 4, the social-order-maintaining orientation
- C. 5, the social contract orientation
- D. 6, the universal ethical principle orientation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: '5, the social contract orientation.' At Kohlberg's Stage 5, individuals begin to question their own social order and focus on principles of justice and fairness. This stage emphasizes the importance of social contracts and agreements based on mutual benefit. Choice A is incorrect as the 'good boy/good girl' orientation is characteristic of Stage 3. Choice B, the social-order-maintaining orientation, does not align with the description provided in the question. Choice D, the universal ethical principle orientation, is associated with Stage 6, where individuals act based on self-chosen ethical principles.