Nokea
AIDS is caused by a human retrovirus that kills
- A. B lymphocytes
- B. lymphocyte stem cells
- C. CD4-positive T lymphocytes
- D. CD8-positive T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which specifically targets and kills CD4-positive T lymphocytes. These cells are crucial for coordinating the immune response. A, B, and D are incorrect because HIV primarily affects CD4-positive T cells, not B lymphocytes, lymphocyte stem cells, or CD8-positive T cells. This leads to a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and other complications associated with AIDS.
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The community health nurse is conducting a research study and is identifying clients in the community at risk for latex allergy. Which client population is most at risk for developing this type of allergy?
- A. Hairdressers
- B. The homeless
- C. Children in day care centers
- D. Individuals living in a group home
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Children in day care centers. Children in day care centers are at higher risk for latex allergy due to frequent exposure to latex-containing products like gloves, pacifiers, and toys. The immature immune system of children increases their susceptibility to developing allergies. Hairdressers (choice A) are also at risk due to prolonged exposure to latex gloves. The homeless (choice B) and individuals living in a group home (choice D) are not specifically at higher risk compared to children in day care centers.
Defining histopathologic cell for Hodgkin lymphoma?
- A. Transformed cytotoxic T cell
- B. Malignant NK cell
- C. Reed-Sternberg cell
- D. CD33+ clonal B cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reed-Sternberg cell. These large, abnormal cells are characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma. They originate from B cells but have lost most B cell markers. They express CD30 and CD15. A is incorrect as Hodgkin lymphoma is not derived from cytotoxic T cells. B is incorrect as it is not a malignancy involving NK cells. D is incorrect as Hodgkin lymphoma does not involve CD33+ clonal B cells.
A nurse is preparing for the admission of a child with a diagnosis of acute-stage Kawasaki disease. On assessment of the child, the nurse expects to note which clinical manifestation of the acute stage of the disease?
- A. Cracked lips
- B. A normal appearance
- C. Conjunctival hyperemia
- D. Desquamation of the skin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Conjunctival hyperemia. In Kawasaki disease, conjunctival hyperemia is a common clinical manifestation during the acute stage due to the inflammation of blood vessels. This is typically seen as redness in the eyes. Cracked lips (A) are more characteristic of conditions like dry weather or vitamin deficiencies. A normal appearance (B) would not be expected in a child with acute Kawasaki disease as they typically exhibit symptoms. Desquamation of the skin (D) is more commonly seen in the subacute stage of the disease rather than the acute stage.
After taking an HIV antibody test the patient is required to wait:
- A. 30 days
- B. 1 hour
- C. 30 minutes
- D. 10 minutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 30 minutes. After taking an HIV antibody test, the patient is required to wait for 30 minutes before the results can be accurately interpreted. This waiting period allows for the proper reaction time for the test results to develop. Waiting for 30 minutes ensures that any potential errors or discrepancies in the test results are minimized.
Choice A (30 days) is incorrect as waiting this long is unnecessary and impractical for obtaining HIV test results. Choice B (1 hour) and Choice D (10 minutes) are incorrect as they do not align with the standard waiting time recommended for HIV antibody tests. Waiting for 30 minutes strikes a balance between allowing sufficient time for accurate results while not unnecessarily prolonging the waiting period.
Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?
- A. efferent lymphatics
- B. artery
- C. vein
- D. afferent lymphatics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: afferent lymphatics. Afferent lymphatics are the vessels that carry lymph fluid from the site of infection to the lymph node, allowing pathogens to be transported to the lymph node for immune response. Efferent lymphatics (choice A) carry lymph away from the lymph node, arteries (choice B) carry oxygenated blood, and veins (choice C) carry deoxygenated blood, none of which are the primary route for pathogens to reach the lymph node.