Nokea
Aims of exchange transfusion procedure includes:
- A. Cure of haemolysis and restoration of hemoglobin level
- B. Cure of hypoxia and removal of all toxic materials
- C. Stabilization of baby’s immune system and liver functions
- D. Control of haemolysis and restoration of hemoglobin level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main aims of an exchange transfusion procedure are to control haemolysis (process of breaking down red blood cells) and restore hemoglobin levels. This procedure involves removing the baby's blood and replacing it with donor blood to prevent complications from severe jaundice or other conditions. Choice A is incorrect because exchange transfusion does not necessarily cure haemolysis, but it helps control it. Choice B is incorrect as the procedure focuses on managing specific issues rather than removing all toxic materials. Choice C is incorrect because it does not directly address the primary goals of an exchange transfusion.
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A neonate of a smear-negative mother just before birth receives BCG as usual.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because BCG vaccination is recommended for newborns regardless of maternal smear status to prevent tuberculosis. The neonate is at risk of TB exposure postnatally and needs protection. Maternal smear status does not affect the indication for BCG in the newborn. Choice B is incorrect because withholding BCG in this case would leave the neonate vulnerable to TB. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.
Icterus gravis and hydrops fetalis are conditions highly associated with:
- A. Rhesus D incompatibility
- B. ABO incompatibility
- C. Physiological jaundice
- D. Instant perinatal death
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rhesus D incompatibility. Icterus gravis (severe jaundice) and hydrops fetalis (abnormal accumulation of fluid) are both conditions commonly associated with Rhesus D incompatibility between a mother and her fetus. This occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive, leading to maternal antibodies attacking the fetal red blood cells, resulting in severe hemolytic anemia and subsequent complications.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: ABO incompatibility typically leads to less severe jaundice and hemolytic disease compared to Rhesus D incompatibility.
C: Physiological jaundice is a common and benign condition in newborns caused by the immaturity of the liver, not by blood type incompatibility.
D: Instant perinatal death is not specifically associated with these conditions, but rather with other serious complications during childbirth.
The AGACNP is rounding on a patient following splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. On postoperative day 2, a review of the laboratory studies is expected to reveal
- A. Increased MCV
- B. Increased Hgb
- C. Increased platelets
- D. Increased albumin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Post-splenectomy, platelet count typically drops temporarily, leading to a risk of bleeding.
Step 2: To compensate, the body increases hemoglobin (Hgb) levels to maintain oxygen-carrying capacity.
Step 3: Therefore, on postoperative day 2, an increased Hgb level is expected.
Summary: A is incorrect because MCV is not typically affected in this scenario. C is incorrect because platelet count usually decreases post-splenectomy. D is incorrect as albumin levels are not directly impacted by splenectomy for ITP.
Why is it important to monitor blood pressure regularly in pregnant women?
- A. To prevent anemia
- B. To detect preeclampsia
- C. To avoid preterm labor
- D. To prevent gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to monitor blood pressure in pregnant women to detect preeclampsia, a serious condition that can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, and early detection is crucial for timely intervention. Regular monitoring allows healthcare providers to identify and manage preeclampsia promptly, reducing the risk of severe complications such as eclampsia and organ damage. Anemia, preterm labor, and gestational diabetes are important aspects of prenatal care but are not directly related to the need for regular blood pressure monitoring in pregnant women.
The complication that is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum is
- A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- B. Sheehan’s syndrome
- C. Maurice encephalitis
- D. Antepartum bleeding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological complication due to thiamine deficiency, which can occur in severe cases of vomiting, leading to impaired brain function. Sheehan's syndrome is a complication of postpartum pituitary necrosis. Maurice encephalitis is a fictional term not related to this context. Antepartum bleeding is not a typical complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. Therefore, the correct answer is A due to the potential neurological impact of severe vomiting on thiamine levels.