Nokea
Air that remains in conducting passages and doesn't participate in gas exchange is termed
- A. vital capacity
- B. minimal volume
- C. residual volume
- D. anatomic dead space
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: anatomic dead space. Anatomic dead space refers to the air in the conducting passages (such as trachea, bronchi) that does not reach the alveoli for gas exchange. This space only serves as a pathway for air to move in and out of the lungs. Vital capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. Minimal volume (B) is not a recognized term in respiratory physiology. Residual volume (C) is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation and is not specifically related to the air in conducting passages.
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A male client who weighs 175 lb (79.4 kg) is receiving aminophylline (Aminophylline) (400 mg in 500 ml) at 50 ml/hour. The theophylline level is reported as 6 mcg/ml. The nurse calls the physician who instructs the nurse to change the dosage to 0.45 mg/kg/hour. The nurse should:
- A. Question the order because it's too low.
- B. Question the order because it's too high.
- C. Set the pump at 45 ml/hour.
- D. Stop the infusion and have the laboratory repeat the theophylline measurement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Question the order because it's too low. To determine the correct dosage, calculate the current dosage the client is receiving (400 mg in 500 ml at 50 ml/hour). Then calculate the new dosage using the client's weight (79.4 kg). Comparing the two dosages, if the new order is significantly lower than the current dosage, it may not be appropriate for the client's condition. Therefore, the nurse should question the physician's order to ensure the client is receiving an adequate dose. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the discrepancy in dosage and the need to verify the appropriateness of the new order based on the client's weight and current medication regimen.
Apart from its role in acid-base balance
- A. what other function is associated with carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract?
- B. Protein digestion
- C. Lipid absorption
- D. Starch breakdown
Correct Answer: d
Rationale: Rationale:
Carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. This reaction helps maintain pH balance in the gut. Starch breakdown is not directly associated with carbonic anhydrase. Protein digestion is primarily carried out by proteases, and lipid absorption involves enzymes like lipase. These functions are not directly related to carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the correct answer is D: Starch breakdown.
When caring for a male patient who has just had a total laryngectomy, the nurse should plan to:
- A. Encourage oral feeding as soon as possible.
- B. Develop an alternative communication method.
- C. Keep the tracheostomy cuff fully inflated.
- D. Keep the patient flat in bed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Develop an alternative communication method. After a total laryngectomy, the patient loses the ability to speak. Developing an alternative communication method such as using a communication board or electronic device is crucial for effective communication. Encouraging oral feeding (A) is not appropriate initially due to the risk of aspiration. Keeping the tracheostomy cuff fully inflated (C) can obstruct airflow, and keeping the patient flat in bed (D) can lead to respiratory complications. Developing an alternative communication method is essential for the patient's emotional well-being and quality of life.
A client is found to be allergic to Chinese food, which causes acute asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
- A. "Only eat Chinese food once a month."
- B. "Use your inhalers before eating Chinese food."
- C. "Avoid Chinese food because this is a trigger for you."
- D. "Determine other causes, because Chinese food wouldn't cause such a violent reaction."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because avoiding Chinese food, a known trigger for the client's acute asthma, is crucial to prevent future asthma attacks. By eliminating the trigger, the client can reduce the risk of allergic reactions and asthma exacerbations.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Eating Chinese food once a month still exposes the client to the trigger, increasing the risk of asthma attacks.
B: Incorrect. Using inhalers before eating Chinese food may help manage symptoms temporarily but does not address the root cause of the allergic reaction.
D: Incorrect. Dismissing the client's known trigger without further investigation can lead to serious health consequences.
The emergency department (ED) manager is reviewing client charts to determine how well the staff perform when treating clients with community-acquired pneumonia. What outcome demonstrates that goals for this client type have been met?
- A. Antibiotics started before admission.
- B. Blood cultures obtained within 20 minutes.
- C. Chest x-ray obtained within 30 minutes.
- D. Pulse oximetry obtained on all clients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antibiotics started before admission. This outcome demonstrates that the staff are meeting the goal for treating clients with community-acquired pneumonia because timely administration of antibiotics is crucial in managing this condition effectively. Starting antibiotics promptly helps to reduce the spread of infection and improve patient outcomes.
Blood cultures obtained within 20 minutes (B) is important for diagnosing the specific pathogen causing pneumonia but does not directly reflect the treatment goal achievement. Chest x-ray within 30 minutes (C) is essential for diagnosis but does not indicate treatment success. Pulse oximetry on all clients (D) is important for monitoring oxygen levels but does not directly show if the treatment goal for pneumonia has been met.