Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Related

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Aisa is to have blood transfusion. Which of the following problems is most likely associated with blood transfusion?

  • A. Serum hepatitis
  • B. Pulmonary edema
  • C. Allergic response
  • D. Hemolytic reaction Situation: Joel is a toddler who has classical hemophilia.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A hemolytic reaction is the most likely problem associated with blood transfusion. A hemolytic reaction occurs when the body's immune system attacks the transfused blood, leading to the destruction of red blood cells. This reaction can cause serious complications, including kidney damage, shock, and even death. It is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully match blood types and perform compatibility testing before administering a blood transfusion to minimize the risk of a hemolytic reaction. Serum hepatitis, pulmonary edema, and allergic responses are potential complications of blood transfusions, but hemolytic reactions pose the most immediate and severe threat to the patient's health.

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An adolescent patient with chronic asthma, who has been hospitalized several times during the winter with severe asthmatic exacerbations, confides, 'I wish I could stay here in the hospital because every time I go home, I get sick again!' What is the pediatric nurse's best response?

  • A. Let's talk about preventing and managing your asthma on a daily basis at home.
  • B. Why don't I speak with your parents about what they are doing at home to help control your asthma?
  • C. We can arrange for you to stay in the hospital longer.
  • D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Discussing strategies to manage asthma at home empowers the patient and addresses the root cause of recurrent exacerbations.

The MOST likely cause of a 4-year-old boy refusing to go to bed and remaining active is

  • A. thyrotoxicosis
  • B. ADHD
  • C. behavioral insomnia of childhood
  • D. sleep-onset association disorder
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Behavioral insomnia involves resistance to bedtime routines.

An infant can move his head from side to side while following a moving object, can lift his head from a prone position 45 degrees off the examining table, smiles when encouraged, and makes cooing sounds. He cannot maintain a seated position. The most likely age of the infant is:

  • A. 1 month
  • B. 3 months
  • C. 6 months
  • D. 9 months
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: At 3 months, infants typically develop the ability to lift their heads 45 degrees in prone, follow objects with their eyes, smile responsively, and make cooing sounds. They are not yet able to sit independently.

Poor prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma include all the following EXCEPT

  • A. age of more than 15 year at the time of diagnosis
  • B. stage IV disease
  • C. manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity
  • D. poor response to therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.

The patient asks the nurse, "What is hypertension?" Which of the following is the best response to explain hypertension?

  • A. "It is measured as the heart pumps blood into the arteries."
  • B. "It is higher than normal on two separate occasions."
  • C. "It is regulated by stress, activity, and emotions."
  • D. "It is determined by peripheral vascular resistance."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. The definition provided in choice B, "It is higher than normal on two separate occasions," accurately captures the concept of hypertension. A diagnosis of hypertension typically requires blood pressure measurements to be consistently elevated on at least two separate occasions to rule out temporary spikes in blood pressure. This distinction is essential in diagnosing and managing hypertension effectively to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Choices A, C, and D do not capture the defining characteristic of hypertension as clearly as choice B.

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