Nokea
All of the following adverse effects commonly occur in glucocorticoid therapy except:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Increased risk of infection
- C. Hypotension
- D. Emotional disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause hypertension, not hypotension, due to mineralocorticoid effects and fluid retention.
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You are assigned to infuse 300 mL of a solution over 2 hours with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 25 gtt/min
- B. 37.5 gtt/min
- C. 45 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flow rate = (300 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (2 60) = 4,500 ÷ 120 = 37.5 gtt/min, exactly matching option B.
What is a prodrug
- A. Drag which increases efficiency of another drug
- B. Metabolic end product
- C. Inactive drag which gets activated in the body
- D. Drag which competes with another for metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A prodrug is inactive until metabolized into an active form in the body.
The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh less than 64 kg.
- A. 5
- B. 11
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Z-score: (64-70)/3 = -2. P(Z < -2) = 1 - P(Z ≤ 2). Using standard tables, P(Z ≤ 2) ≈ 0.9772, so P(Z < -2) = 1 - 0.9772 = 0.0228 (document says 0.02128, likely a typo). Then, 0.0228 * 500 ≈ 11, matching the document.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
According to the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study of dietary intake, the group at highest risk for inadequate calcium intake was:
- A. The elderly (over age 60 years)
- B. Teenage females
- C. Teenage males
- D. Preschoolers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teenage females are at high risk for inadequate calcium intake due to dietary habits and growth demands.