Nokea
All of the following are modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) EXCEPT
- A. high stress.
- B. obesity.
- C. smoking.
- D. family history.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor for CAD. Stress, obesity, and smoking can be modified through lifestyle changes.
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A neonate has severe congenital abnormalities that make death imminent, and the NICU team believes that further attempts at treatment or feeding are not warranted and that palliative care only should be provided. When speaking with the parents about this, which of the following is the best approach?
- A. Tell the parents that the team suggests that all food and treatment will be withheld.
- B. Tell the parents that the team suggests a change in care plan to focus on comfort measures.
- C. Tell the parents that any further efforts at treatment are futile as the infant is dying.
- D. Tell the parents that the best thing is to let nature take its course.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Focusing on comfort measures (B) communicates compassionately that palliative care prioritizes the neonate's comfort, aligning with the parents' emotional needs. Withholding food/treatment (A) is harsh, futility (C) is blunt, and letting nature take its course (D) lacks clarity.
A client is taking nebulizer treatments for asthma, and the nurse is instructing the client in the correct method for measuring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) after treatment. The nurse prepares the meter with the indicator at the base of the scale. Place the following steps (Roman numerals) in the correct order from first to last.
- A. Client sits upright or stands.
- B. Client places the meter in the mouth and seals lips.
- C. Client expels air through the meter as forcefully as possible.
- D. Client takes a deep breath.
Correct Answer: A,D,B,C
Rationale: PEFR sequence: Sit/stand (I), take deep breath (IV), place meter in mouth (II), expel air forcefully (III).
Which of the following findings is associated with right-sided heart failure?
- A. Shortness of breath
- B. Nocturnal polyuria
- C. Daytime oliguria
- D. Crackles in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nocturnal polyuria is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure due to fluid redistribution when lying down.
The nurse is caring for a cognitively impaired client who begins to pull at the tape securing his IV site. To prevent the client from removing the IV, the nurse should:
- A. Place tape completely around the extremity, with tape ends out of the client's vision
- B. Tell him that if he pulls out the IV, it will have to be restarted
- C. Slap the client's hand when he reaches toward the IV site
- D. Apply clove hitch restraints to the client's hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Securing the IV with tape out of the client's vision minimizes tampering while avoiding restraints or inappropriate actions.
The nurse is aware that African-Americans are at higher risk than Caucasians for which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Diabetes mellitus.
- C. Asthma.
- D. Skin cancer.
- E. Osteoporosis.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: African-Americans have a higher risk for hypertension (A) and diabetes mellitus (B) compared to Caucasians due to genetic and socioeconomic factors. Asthma (C) risk is similar across groups, while skin cancer (D) and osteoporosis (E) are less prevalent in African-Americans.