Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers related questions and content

All of the following are potential signs or symptoms of growth hormone deficiency except:

  • A. Abnormal lipid profile
  • B. Atherosclerosis
  • C. Increased bone mineral density
  • D. Left ventricular dysfunction
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is commonly associated with decreased bone mineral density, leading to an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Therefore, increased bone mineral density would not typically be a sign or symptom of GHD. On the other hand, abnormal lipid profile, atherosclerosis, and left ventricular dysfunction are all potential signs or symptoms of GHD. Abnormal lipid profile can manifest as increased levels of LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol. Atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in the arteries, can occur in individuals with GHD due to the impact on lipid metabolism. Left ventricular dysfunction may also be seen in individuals with GHD due to the role of growth hormone in cardiac function and structure.

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Which test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels over the previous 2 months?

  • A. Methemoglobin
  • B. Hemoglobin A1c
  • C. Fasting blood sugar
  • D. C peptide protein
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c, also known as HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 2 to 3 months. This test is useful in monitoring long-term blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c provides an indication of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled over time, reflecting the average blood sugar levels during the lifespan of red blood cells, which is typically around 2 to 3 months. A higher Hemoglobin A1c level indicates poorer blood glucose control and an increased risk of diabetes complications.

Increased gonadal production of oestrogen is seen in:

  • A. Third trimester of pregnancy
  • B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • C. Polycystic ovarian disease
  • D. Testicular feminization syndrome
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Polycystic ovarian disease, also known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a common endocrine disorder characterized by increased levels of androgens (male hormones) and disrupted estrogen production in the ovaries. The hormonal imbalance seen in PCOS leads to increased gonadal production of estrogen. This condition is often associated with symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, acne, and excess facial or body hair growth. In contrast, the other options do not typically involve increased gonadal production of estrogen as seen in PCOS.

All of the following would be expected to increase prolactin levels except:

  • A. Chest wall trauma
  • B. Hyperthyroidism
  • C. Pregnancy
  • D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin levels can be increased by various factors, including chest wall trauma, pregnancy, and renal failure. However, hyperthyroidism is not typically associated with elevated prolactin levels. In fact, hyperthyroidism is more commonly associated with decreased levels of prolactin due to the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on prolactin secretion. Therefore, all of the options except for hyperthyroidism would be expected to increase prolactin levels.

Which of the following is not a function of binding proteins?

  • A. Bind protein hormones
  • B. Bind steroid hormones
  • C. Bind thyroid hormones
  • D. Mediate hormonal effects
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Binding proteins are essential in transporting hormones through the bloodstream and protecting them from rapid degradation by enzymes. These proteins do not actually mediate the hormonal effects themselves. Hormonal effects are typically mediated by the hormone-receptor interactions at target cells. Binding proteins primarily serve as carriers for hormones and maintain their stability and availability in the circulation.

The posterior pituitary stores and secretes _________.

  • A. anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
  • B. growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
  • C. estrogen and testosterone.
  • D. aldosterone and cortisol.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary before being released into the bloodstream. ADH, also known as vasopressin, helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Oxytocin, on the other hand, plays a role in various reproductive functions such as labor and lactation, as well as social bonding and behavior.

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