Nokea
All of the following are true regarding transient neonatal pustular melanosis, except
- A. Increased melanization of epidermal cells is characteristic
- B. Active phase shows intracorneal or subcorneal pustules filled with eosinophils
- C. Pustular phase rarely lasts more than 2-3 days
- D. Lesions of pustular melanosis do not contain bacteria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The active phase of transient neonatal pustular melanosis shows pustules filled with neutrophils, not eosinophils.
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Recognised features in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Short stature
- C. Keratoconus
- D. Easy scarring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Easy scarring: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by hyperelastic skin and joint hypermobility, with easy scarring and tissue fragility being common features.
A 4-year-old child has had fever, malaise, and vomiting and right-sided abdominal pain for 48 hours. The following are likely diagnoses:
- A. Acute pyelonephritis
- B. Shigella dysentery
- C. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation, if the child is living in the tropics
- D. Right sided tumour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is a common cause of fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain in children. Shigella dysentery typically causes diarrhea, and Ascaris infestation is rare in non-tropical regions. A right-sided tumour is unlikely without other signs.
Azathioprine:
- A. Is a prodrug
- B. Is teratogenic
- C. Should be avoided in liver disease
- D. Dose should be increased when given with allopurinol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Azathioprine is a prodrug. It is not highly teratogenic, can be used in liver disease with caution, and its dose should be reduced with allopurinol.
What is accurate about the characteristics of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?
- A. They have high amounts of triglycerides.
- B. They have only small amounts of protein.
- C. They have little cholesterol.
- D. They aid in steroid production.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HDLs have low amounts of triglycerides, large amounts of proteins, low amounts of cholesterol, and are excreted via the liver. They have no role in the production of steroids.
Drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms is
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Gentamicin
- C. Ampicillin
- D. Ceftriaxone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms.