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All of the following are useful indicators regarding the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot
- A. Systemic arterial oxygen saturation
- B. Intensity of outflow murmur
- C. Functional class
- D. Right ventricular outflow gradient by echocardiography
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The intensity of the outflow murmur is not a reliable indicator of the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot.
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The nurse is teaching the importance of an exercise regime that includes walking daily for a group of clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema at a pulmonary rehabilitation clinic. Which rationale should the nurse include when motivating the clients?
- A. Daily exercise and walking enhances cardiovascular fitness
- B. Exercise eliminates the need for bronchodilator medications.
- C. Walking daily reverses lung damage caused by chronic conditions.
- D. Physical activity increases mucus production to clear airways.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise improves cardiovascular fitness, which can enhance overall respiratory function and quality of life in clients with chronic pulmonary conditions.
A 12-year-old male tries out for a middle school hockey team. He has a history of a heart murmur as an infant, but the doctor thought it would go away. During the tryout, he experiences severe dyspnea and becomes light-headed. At your office, he has a normal rhythm, pulse, and blood pressure and is no longer dizzy. There is a grade 4/6 systole ejection murmur that radiates to the neck. There is also an ejection click. An ECG reveals left ventricular hypertrophy. The next approach to his management includes
- A. chest x-ray
- B. exercise test
- C. digitalization
- D. echocardiography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Echocardiography is essential to evaluate the severity of aortic stenosis and its effects on the heart.
What are TWO possible interventions for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who has recurrent desaturation episodes on propranolol?
- A. Full surgical repair
- B. Interim repair with RVOT stent or shunt
- C. Propranolol dose adjustment
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Interim repair with RVOT stent or shunt can be used to improve oxygenation in infants who are not candidates for immediate full surgical repair.
An adolescent who sustained a tibia fracture in a motor vehicle accident has a cast. What should the nurse do to help relieve the itching?
- A. Apply cool air under the cast with a blow-dryer
- B. Use sterile applicators to scratch the itch
- C. Apply cool water under the cast
- D. Apply hydrocortisone cream under the cast using sterile applicator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cool air helps relieve itching without damaging the cast or introducing moisture, which can lead to skin breakdown.
All of the following are true regarding intussusception in children, except
- A. It is more common in boys than girls
- B. Adeno virus C has been implicated
- C. Urgent barium meal follow-through is the investigation of choice
- D. Postoperative intussusception is commonly ileoileal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urgent barium meal follow-through is not the investigation of choice for intussusception; ultrasound is preferred for diagnosis.