Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers related questions and content

All of the following develop into dwarfism except:

  • A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • B. Hypopituitarism
  • C. Homocystinuria
  • D. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia does not lead to dwarfism. It is a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands and can cause various symptoms related to hormone imbalances. In contrast, the other conditions listed - hypopituitarism, homocystinuria, and pseudohypoparathyroidism - can all lead to dwarfism through different mechanisms. Hypopituitarism is characterized by a deficiency of pituitary hormones, including growth hormone, which can result in stunted growth and dwarfism. Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder that can affect bone growth and lead to skeletal abnormalities resulting in dwarfism. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder that can manifest with short stature or dwarfism due to skeletal abnormalities caused by altered bone metabolism.

You may also like to solve these questions

Which of the following tests should be used to make the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?

  • A. 24-hour urine free cortisol
  • B. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) level at 8 a.m.
  • C. Inferior petrosal venous sampling
  • D. Overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test is commonly used as an initial screening test for Cushing's syndrome. In this test, a patient takes 1 mg of dexamethasone orally at 11 p.m., and their serum cortisol level is measured the next morning. In patients with Cushing's syndrome, the cortisol levels will not be suppressed by the dexamethasone due to the presence of excessive cortisol production.

Which of the following is not a function of binding proteins?

  • A. Bind protein hormones
  • B. Bind steroid hormones
  • C. Bind thyroid hormones
  • D. Mediate hormonal effects
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Binding proteins are essential in transporting hormones through the bloodstream and protecting them from rapid degradation by enzymes. These proteins do not actually mediate the hormonal effects themselves. Hormonal effects are typically mediated by the hormone-receptor interactions at target cells. Binding proteins primarily serve as carriers for hormones and maintain their stability and availability in the circulation.

Which cranial nerve is not involved in acromegaly?

  • A. VIII
  • B. III, IV, VI
  • C. V
  • D. Il
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acromegaly is a disorder caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adulthood, usually due to a pituitary tumor. The cranial nerves that may be affected in acromegaly are Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens) due to compression of the optic chiasm by the expanding tumor. Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal nerve) may also be affected given its close proximity to the pituitary gland. However, Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) is not typically involved in acromegaly.

All of the following represent examples of hypothalamic-pituitary negative feedback except:

  • A. Cortisol on the CRH-ACTH axis
  • B. Gonadal steroids on the GnRH-LH/FSH axis
  • C. IGF-1 on the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-GH axis
  • D. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis does not involve the hypothalamus or pituitary gland; instead, it primarily involves the kidneys and the renin-secreting cells. In this axis, renin is released in response to low blood pressure, leading to the formation of angiotensin II and the subsequent release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. Feedback mechanisms for this axis primarily involve the regulation of renin release based on blood pressure rather than involving direct negative feedback from downstream hormones on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C all involve classic examples of hypothalamic-pituitary negative feedback loops where the end hormone suppresses the release of the stimulating hormones at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels.

What is the most common cause for the overproduction of growth hormone in acromegaly?

  • A. Hypothalamic lesion
  • B. Hyperplasia of the pituitary stalk
  • C. Pituitary lesion
  • D. Pituitary adenoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acromegaly is typically caused by the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland. In around 95% of cases, this overproduction is due to the presence of a non-cancerous tumor called a pituitary adenoma. These adenomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that cause the pituitary gland to produce excessive amounts of growth hormone, leading to the characteristic symptoms of acromegaly such as enlargement of the bones and soft tissues.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.