Nokea
all of the following may be present in child with cretinism except:
- A. prolonged jaundice
- B. umbilical hernia
- C. wet skin
- D. feeding problem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cretinism is a condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism. Common features of cretinism include umbilical hernia, wet skin, and feeding problems. Prolonged jaundice is not typically associated with cretinism. Jaundice is more commonly seen in conditions such as neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia.
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The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis?
- A. "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe."
- B. "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones."
- C. "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo."
- D. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should include in the explanation that in managing pediculosis capitis, it is necessary to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers since nits are attached to the hair shaft and can be difficult to wash out with regular shampoo. Removing the nits is crucial to prevent reinfestation, as they can hatch and start the cycle again. Cutting the hair shorter is not necessary unless the infestation is severe. It is important to distinguish viable (live) nits from nonviable (dead) ones and remove only the viable ones as the nonviable ones do not pose a threat of reinfestation.
A client metastatic ovarian cancer is prescribed cisplatin (Platinol). Before administering the first dose, the nurse reviews the client's medication history for drugs that may interact with cisplatin. Which drug may cause significant interactions when given concomitantly with cisplatin?
- A. Erythromycin
- B. A cephalosporin
- C. A tetracycline
- D. An amino glycoside Situation: A client with ovarian cancer is prescribed hydroxyurea (Hydrea), an antimetabolite drug.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amino glycosides, such as gentamicin or amikacin, can interact significantly with cisplatin, leading to increased risk of kidney damage or hearing loss. Both amino glycosides and cisplatin are known to have nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects independently. When combined, the risk of these side effects is potentiated, making it important to monitor renal function and hearing closely when these drugs are co-administered. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid the concomitant use of amino glycosides with cisplatin in order to prevent harmful drug interactions and reduce the risk of adverse effects in the client with metastatic ovarian cancer.
An adult suffered 2nd and third degree burns over 20% of hid body 2 days ago. What is the best way to assess the client's fluid balance?
- A. Maintain strict records of intake and output
- B. Monitor skin turgor
- C. Weigh the client daily
- D. Check for edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining strict records of intake and output is the best way to assess the client's fluid balance in this situation. Severe burns can lead to fluid loss, which can result in dehydration and other complications. By carefully monitoring the amount of fluid the client is taking in (intake) and the amount of fluid being eliminated from the body (output), healthcare providers can assess the client's fluid balance and make necessary adjustments to prevent dehydration or fluid overload. This approach provides accurate and specific information to guide fluid management and ensure optimal recovery for the client with burns. Monitoring skin turgor, daily weight, and checking for edema are also important measures, but maintaining strict records of intake and output is the most direct and effective method for assessing fluid balance in a client with burns.
In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen
- B. 12 weeks - external genitalia formed
- C. 24 weeks - surfactant production begun
- D. 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Face recognition typically occurs earlier than 26 weeks.
The effectiveness of Levodopa can be reduced when taking:
- A. Pyridoxine
- B. Bromocriptine
- C. Amantadine
- D. Amantadine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct choice is Pyridoxine. Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine and is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, has been shown to reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa by accelerating its conversion to dopamine in the bloodstream before it reaches the brain. This reduces the amount of Levodopa available to provide therapeutic benefit in Parkinson's disease. It is important for patients taking Levodopa to be cautious about taking vitamin B6 supplements to avoid diminishing the efficacy of their medication.