Nokea
All the following are true about infant sleep between 2-6 months EXCEPT
- A. total sleep hours are about 14-16 hr/24 hr
- B. sleeps about 9-10 hr concentrated at night
- C. sleeps 2 naps/day
- D. the sleep cycle time is similar to that of adults
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infant sleep cycles differ significantly from adult patterns.
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For a patient receiving furosemide, the nurse evaluates the medication as being effective if which of the following effects occurs?
- A. Urine output increased
- B. Heart rate increased
- C. Serum potassium decreased
- D. Pulse pressure increased
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to help the body get rid of excess salt and water through increased urine output. By inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, furosemide promotes the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and other electrolytes. Therefore, the nurse would evaluate the medication as effective if the patient experiences increased urine output, as it indicates that the furosemide is working to eliminate excess fluids from the body.
At which stage of development are children apt to believe in the reversibility of death?
- A. Toddler.
- B. Preschool age.
- C. School age.
- D. Adolescent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschool-aged children commonly believe in the reversibility of death due to their cognitive development stage, where magical thinking is prevalent.
A surgical intervention that can cause substantial remission of myasthenia gravis is:
- A. Esophagostomy
- B. Thymectomy
- C. Myomectomy
- D. Spleenectomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus is a key component of the immune system and is believed to play a role in the development of myasthenia gravis (MG). In some cases, particularly in younger patients with early onset MG or with thymoma (a tumor of the thymus), thymectomy can lead to substantial remission of MG symptoms or even a cure. By removing the thymus gland, the abnormal immune response in MG may be reduced, resulting in improved muscle strength and decreased symptoms. It is worth noting that thymectomy is not always indicated for all patients with MG and should be considered on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a healthcare provider specialized in neuromuscular diseases.
The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?
- A. 6 months
- B. 9 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing whole milk to infants at around 12 months of age. This is because before the age of one, babies need the nutrients and fat found in breast milk, infant formula, or fortified toddler milk. Whole milk is a good source of fat and vitamin D for babies over 12 months old, but it is not recommended for younger infants as it does not have the appropriate balance of nutrients they need for healthy development. Introducing whole milk too early may also increase the risk of certain health issues such as iron deficiency anemia.
Building a tower by a 22-month-old child requires
- A. visual-motor coordination
- B. uses visual and motor skills in combination
- C. gross and fine motor coordination
- D. symbolic thought
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tower building primarily involves visual-motor coordination.