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An 18-week gestation client telephones the obstetrician’s office stating, 'I’m really scared. I think I have breast cancer. My breasts are filled with tumors.' The nurse should base the response on which of the following?
- A. Breast cancer is often triggered by pregnancy.
- B. Nodular breast tissue is normal during pregnancy.
- C. The woman is exhibiting signs of a psychotic break.
- D. Anxiety attacks are especially common in the second trimester.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nodular breast tissue is a normal change during pregnancy due to hormonal fluctuations. Breast cancer is not typically triggered by pregnancy, and anxiety attacks are not specifically common in the second trimester.
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The nurse is educating a pregnant patient on the importance of maintaining a balanced diet during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates effective teaching?
- A. I should avoid all carbohydrates to prevent gestational diabetes.
- B. I need to eat extra food for my baby to ensure proper growth.
- C. I will eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods and avoid processed foods.
- D. I can focus on eating as much protein as possible to support my baby's development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because it emphasizes the importance of eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods and avoiding processed foods. This approach ensures the pregnant patient receives essential nutrients for her health and the baby's development. Variety helps cover all necessary nutrients, while avoiding processed foods reduces the intake of unhealthy additives. This balanced diet promotes optimal health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Avoiding all carbohydrates is not recommended as they are a vital energy source and cutting them out completely can lead to nutritional deficiencies.
B: Eating extra food indiscriminately can result in excessive weight gain and complications. The focus should be on nutrient-dense foods, not just quantity.
D: Focusing solely on protein neglects other important nutrients needed during pregnancy. A well-rounded diet is essential for overall health.
Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. Human placental lactogen
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At high levels, progesterone maintains the endometrial lining for implantation of the zygote.
A 36-week gestation gravid client is complaining of dyspnea when lying flat.
- A. Maternal hypertension.
- B. Fundal height.
- C. Hydramnios.
- D. Congestive heart failure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As the uterus grows, the fundal height increases, which can press on the diaphragm and lead to shortness of breath when lying flat.
The nurse is caring for a 35-year-old woman who is pregnant and has a history of hypertension. Which intervention would be most important to prevent preeclampsia?
- A. Encourage regular physical activity and a healthy diet.
- B. Monitor the patient's weight gain and blood pressure.
- C. Prescribe antihypertensive medications immediately.
- D. Avoid any further prenatal visits to prevent stress.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor the patient's weight gain and blood pressure. Monitoring weight gain and blood pressure is crucial to detect early signs of preeclampsia in pregnant women with a history of hypertension. Weight gain can indicate fluid retention, a common symptom of preeclampsia, while high blood pressure is a key indicator of the condition. By closely monitoring these parameters, the nurse can promptly identify and manage preeclampsia to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby.
Incorrect choices:
A: Encouraging regular physical activity and a healthy diet is important for overall health but may not directly prevent preeclampsia.
C: Prescribing antihypertensive medications immediately may be necessary if blood pressure is severely elevated, but it is not the most important intervention for preventing preeclampsia.
D: Avoiding prenatal visits to prevent stress is not a valid approach as regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring the pregnancy and managing any complications that may
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is 38 weeks gestation and reports feeling pelvic pressure and mild cramping. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the fetal heart rate and check for signs of labor.
- B. Instruct the patient to rest and monitor the symptoms.
- C. Assess the patient's blood pressure and urine for protein.
- D. Perform a pelvic exam to assess for cervical dilation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because monitoring the fetal heart rate and checking for signs of labor are essential in assessing the well-being of the fetus and determining if the patient is in active labor. This step helps the nurse identify any potential complications and take appropriate actions promptly.
Choice B is incorrect because simply instructing the patient to rest may not address the underlying cause of pelvic pressure and cramping.
Choice C is incorrect as assessing blood pressure and urine for protein is not the priority in this situation.
Choice D is incorrect because performing a pelvic exam should be done after monitoring fetal well-being and ruling out active labor.