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Which statement is consistent with societal views of dying in the United States?
- A. Dying is viewed as a failure on the part of the system and providers.
- B. Most Americans would prefer to die in a hospital to spaabrireb .lcoomve/teds to nes the burden of care.
- C. People die of indistinct, complex illness for which a cu re is always possible.
- D. The purpose of the healthcare system is to prevent dise ase and treat symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D because the purpose of the healthcare system in the United States is primarily focused on disease prevention and symptom management. This aligns with societal views as healthcare is geared towards improving health outcomes and quality of life.
Incorrect choices:
A: Dying is not viewed as a failure of the system or providers, rather as a natural part of life.
B: Most Americans prefer to die at home or in hospice care rather than in a hospital.
C: Illnesses are not always curable, and death can result from various complex conditions beyond treatment.
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All of the patient’s children are distressed by the possibility of removing life-support treatments. The child who is most upset tells the nurse, “T his is the same as killing! I thought you were supposed to help!” What response would the nur se provide to the family?
- A. “This is a process of allowing death to occur naturally after the injuries that were sustained in a serious accident.”
- B. “The hospital would never allow us to do that kind of thing.”
- C. “Let’s talk about this calmly, and I will explain why asasbiirsbt.ecodm s/tuesict ide is appropriate in this case.”
- D. “Your parent lived a long and productive life.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Acknowledges the child's distress and concerns.
2. Explains the concept of allowing natural death after serious injuries.
3. Helps the family understand the ethical and medical reasoning behind removing life support.
4. Shows empathy and provides education to address misconceptions.
Summary of other choices:
B: Incorrect - Avoids addressing the family's concerns and provides a vague response.
C: Incorrect - Contains a typo and does not directly address the child's distress or misunderstanding.
D: Incorrect - Irrelevant response that does not address the ethical dilemma at hand.
Which treatment can be used to dissolve a thrombus that is lodged in the pulmonary artery?
- A. Aspirin
- B. Embolectomy
- C. Heparin
- D. Thrombolytics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thrombolytics. Thrombolytics are medications that can dissolve blood clots, making them effective in treating a thrombus lodged in the pulmonary artery. They work by activating the body's natural clot-dissolving system. Aspirin (A) is an antiplatelet drug and may prevent further clot formation but cannot dissolve an existing thrombus. Embolectomy (B) is a surgical procedure to remove a clot and is invasive, usually reserved for cases where thrombolytics are contraindicated. Heparin (C) is an anticoagulant that prevents clot formation but does not dissolve existing clots like thrombolytics do.
Which assessment finding obtained by the nurse when caring for a patient with a right radial arterial line indicates a need for the nurse to take immediate action?
- A. The right hand is cooler than the left.
- B. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is 77 mm Hg.
- C. The system is delivering 3 mL of flush solution per hour.
- D. The flush bag and tubing were last changed 3 days previously.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a cooler right hand may indicate compromised circulation, potentially due to arterial occlusion or clot formation. This could lead to inadequate perfusion and tissue damage. Immediate action is needed to assess and address the cause.
Choice B is incorrect because a MAP of 77 mm Hg is within the normal range for most patients and does not require immediate action.
Choice C is incorrect as delivering 3 mL of flush solution per hour is an appropriate rate and does not indicate a need for immediate action.
Choice D is incorrect as the flush bag and tubing being changed 3 days ago does not necessarily indicate an immediate issue with the arterial line function.
The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should
- A. not be concerned unless urine output decreases.
- B. evaluate the patient’s serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure.
- C. obtain an order for a renal ultrasound.
- D. evaluate the patient’s postvoid residual volume to detect intrarenal injury.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evaluating the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure is crucial in detecting contrast-induced kidney injury. An increase in serum creatinine levels indicates impaired kidney function due to the contrast dye. This monitoring allows for early detection and intervention to prevent further kidney damage.
Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in urine output is a late sign of kidney injury and may not be present in the early stages. Choice C is incorrect as a renal ultrasound is not typically used to detect contrast-induced kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect as postvoid residual volume assessment is not specific to detecting intrarenal injury related to contrast dye use.
The nurse is caring for a critically ill patient with a very concerned family. Given that the family is under high stress, what nursing intervention will best ameliorate their stress while preserving independence?
- A. Encourage the family to participate in patient care tasks.
- B. Teach the family to ask questions of the health care team.
- C. Ask the family to select a family representative for communication.
- D. Limit visits to immediate family members for limited times.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the family to participate in patient care tasks. This intervention helps to alleviate stress by involving the family in care, promoting a sense of control and empowerment. It also fosters a collaborative relationship between the family and healthcare team. The other choices are incorrect because B only focuses on asking questions but doesn't actively involve the family in care. C may add pressure on the selected representative and exclude others. D limits family involvement and may increase stress by restricting visitation.