Nokea
An 8-year-old girl asks the nurse how the blood pressure apparatus works. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
- A. Ask her why she wants to know.
- B. Determine why she is so anxious.
- C. Explain in simple terms how it works.
- D. Tell her she will see how it works as it is used.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action when an 8-year-old girl asks how the blood pressure apparatus works is to explain in simple terms how it works. Children are curious by nature and providing a simple explanation in a language they can understand helps satisfy their curiosity and also promotes their understanding. By explaining how the blood pressure apparatus works, the nurse can educate the child about a common medical device and reduce any anxiety or fear the child may have about it. This approach encourages the child to feel more comfortable and engaged in their healthcare experience.
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Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy, occurring more in full-term infants. Of the following, the most common risk factor of development of hemangioma is
- A. male infant
- B. female infant
- C. infant of diabetic mother
- D. infant delivered by cesarean section
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Female infants are at higher risk for developing hemangiomas.
Which statement, from a participant attending the class on AIDS prevention, indicates an understanding on how to reduce transmission of HIV?
- A. Mother's who are HIV positive should still be encouraged to breastfeed their babies because beast milk is superior to cow's milk
- B. I think a needle exchange program, where clean needles are exchanged for dirty needles, should be offered in every city
- C. Females taking birth control pills are protected from getting HIV
- D. It's okay to use natural skin condoms since they offer the same protection as the latex condoms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because implementing a needle exchange program is an effective way to reduce transmission of HIV among intravenous drug users. By providing clean needles in exchange for dirty needles, the risk of sharing contaminated needles and spreading the virus is significantly reduced. This approach also helps prevent the transmission of other bloodborne diseases, such as Hepatitis C. The other statements do not demonstrate an understanding of how to reduce HIV transmission - for example, encouraging breastfeeding for HIV-positive mothers can transmit the virus to the baby, birth control pills do not protect against HIV, and natural skin condoms do not offer the same level of protection as latex condoms.
Which is true of a Wilms tumor? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is also referred to as neuroblastoma.
- B. It is most commonly seen between the ages of 2 and 5 years.
- C. It can occur on its own or be associated with congenital anomalies.
- D. It is a slow-growing tumor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wilms tumor typically occurs in children aged 2-5 years and may be associated with congenital anomalies. It is not the same as neuroblastoma, and its prognosis is generally good with treatment.
Radiotherapy is an effective modality of treatment in variable pediatric solid tumors. Of the following, the LEAST responsive tumor to radiotherapy is
- A. rhabdomyosarcoma
- B. neuroblastoma
- C. nephroblastoma
- D. osteosarcoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteosarcoma is relatively radioresistant compared to other listed tumors.
During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of impaired oral mucous membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression secondary to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis?
- A. Recommending that the client discontinue chemotherapy
- B. Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse
- C. monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts
- D. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse is most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis. Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucous membranes and can be quite painful for oncology clients undergoing chemotherapy. Using a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water as a mouth rinse can help reduce the risk of infection and promote healing of the mucous membranes, thereby decreasing the pain associated with stomatitis. This intervention helps to maintain oral hygiene and prevent further complications, making it an effective way to manage the client's symptoms while undergoing chemotherapy. It is important to note that discontinuing chemotherapy would not be a recommended intervention as it is the primary treatment for the client's cancer. Monitoring platelet and leukocyte counts and checking for signs and symptoms of stomatitis are important aspects of care, but providing a mouth rinse would directly address the pain and discomfort experienced by the client.