HESI PN Exit Exam

HESI PN Exit Exam Related

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An 8-year-old is placed in 90-90 traction for a fractured femur resulting from a motor vehicle collision. Which finding requires further action by the PN?

  • A. No bowel movement for two days
  • B. Mother assists child in changing positions
  • C. Weights are touching the foot of the bed
  • D. Child is able to move the toes freely when tickled
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In 90-90 traction, it is crucial to ensure that the weights are not touching the foot of the bed as this can disrupt the effective application of traction. This interference can hinder the proper alignment of the fractured femur and impede the healing process. Therefore, this finding requires immediate action to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are not directly related to the proper application of traction and do not pose a risk to the patient's treatment or well-being. No bowel movement for two days may indicate constipation but does not directly relate to the traction. Mother assisting the child in changing positions is a supportive action. The child being able to move the toes freely when tickled indicates neurological function, which is a positive sign.

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A nurse is reviewing the basal body temperature method with a couple. Which of the following statements would indicate that the teaching has been successful?

  • A. I don't need to buy a special type of thermometer.
  • B. I need to wait 5 minutes after smoking a cigarette before I take my temperature.
  • C. I need to take my temperature before I get out of bed in the morning.
  • D. I need to take my temperature at least once every day.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Basal body temperature must be taken before getting out of bed in the morning to get an accurate reading, as even slight activity can raise body temperature and affect the results. Choice A is incorrect because a special type of thermometer is not required for basal body temperature measurement. Choice B is incorrect because smoking can affect body temperature, but the timing mentioned is not relevant to basal body temperature measurement. Choice D is incorrect because while it is essential to take the temperature consistently each day, the duration of temperature measurement is not specified, making this choice less specific compared to the correct answer.

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

  • A. Prevents food from entering the trachea
  • B. Aids in food propulsion
  • C. Enhances taste sensation
  • D. Lubricates the esophagus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. Choice A is correct because the primary function of the epiglottis is to act as a lid over the trachea, ensuring that food goes down the esophagus and not into the windpipe. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the specific role of the epiglottis during swallowing.

Which of the following is NOT a second-line agent used for the treatment of Tuberculosis?

  • A. Amikacin
  • B. Moxifloxacin
  • C. Rifabutin
  • D. Cycloserine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Rifabutin. Rifabutin is actually a first-line drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Choices A, B, and D (Amikacin, Moxifloxacin, and Cycloserine) are considered second-line agents for tuberculosis treatment. These drugs are used when the first-line medications are either ineffective or cannot be tolerated by the patient.

After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what is the most important instruction the nurse should give the client regarding post-operative care at home?

  • A. Avoid lifting heavy objects for at least a week.
  • B. Follow a low-fat diet.
  • C. Monitor the incision sites for signs of infection.
  • D. Resume normal activities as tolerated.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring the incision sites for signs of infection is crucial after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Infections can lead to serious complications if not detected early. While avoiding heavy lifting and following a low-fat diet are important aspects of recovery, monitoring for infection takes precedence as it directly impacts the client's immediate post-operative well-being. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it addresses the most critical aspect of post-operative care.

Which intervention is most appropriate when caring for a patient experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure?

  • A. Restrain the patient to prevent injury
  • B. Place a tongue depressor in the patient's mouth
  • C. Turn the patient to the side to maintain an open airway
  • D. Attempt to stop the seizure by holding the patient's arms
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority is to ensure patient safety by maintaining an open airway to prevent aspiration. Turning the patient to the side helps achieve this goal by allowing any fluids to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of choking or aspiration. Restraint can lead to injury, placing a tongue depressor can cause harm or obstruct the airway further, and attempting to stop the seizure by holding the patient's arms is ineffective and can also result in injury. Therefore, the most appropriate intervention is to turn the patient to the side.

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