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An 82-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presents after collapsing at home. What diagnostic test should be done first?
- A. Complete blood count and basic metabolic panel
- B. A STAT noncontrast head computed tomography (CT)
- C. A two-dimensional echocardiogram
- D. Urinalysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Noncontrast CT is essential for evaluating potential stroke.
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This contagious disease causes fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. What immunization prevents this?
- A. Meningococcal vaccine
- B. Pneumococcal vaccine
- C. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine
- D. Varicella vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The meningococcal vaccine prevents infections that cause meningitis.
A pregnant patient presents for a routine 16-week prenatal visit. Her BP has decreased from 119/78 mmHg at her 12-week visit to 110/69 mmHg. What hemodynamic factor accounts for the decrease in BP?
- A. Decrease preload
- B. Decrease in stroke volume
- C. Decrease cardiac output
- D. Decrease in systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pregnancy typically leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which results in a lower blood pressure.
A 7-year-old child has been diagnosed with acute sinusitis. The drug class that should be avoided is:
- A. Antihistamines
- B. Expectorants
- C. Decongestants
- D. Nasal steroids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antihistamines should be avoided in children with sinusitis, as they can dry secretions and worsen symptoms.
An elderly male with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) should be advised to avoid antihistamines. What is the reason for this?
- A. Urinary incontinence
- B. Constipation
- C. Orthostatic hypotension
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antihistamines can cause urinary retention, worsening BPH symptoms.
Ophthalmoscopic examination of a 40-year-old carpenter reveals a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva across the outer surface of the cornea. This condition is termed:
- A. Corneal arcus
- B. Corneal scar
- C. Pterygium
- D. Cataract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva over the cornea.