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An adolescent client will receive Depo-Provera as a method of birth control. She asks the nurse how long the drug will be effective. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. 2 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 1 year
- D. 3 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Depo-Provera, a progestin injection, provides contraception by inhibiting ovulation for 3 months , requiring re-administration every 12 weeks. This duration is based on its pharmacokinetic profile, ensuring reliable hormone levels. Two months underestimates, risking unprotected gaps. Six months or 1 year overestimate, reducing efficacy mid-cycle. The nurse's accurate response (D) educates the client on timing, ensuring adherence and preventing unintended pregnancy, aligning with clinical standards for injectable contraceptives.
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What is a side effect of Heparin?
- A. nausea
- B. diarrhea
- C. bleeding
- D. bronchospasms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A common side effect of Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is the risk of bleeding. Heparin works by preventing the formation of blood clots, which can lead to a bleeding risk as it inhibits the normal clotting process. Patients taking Heparin should be monitored closely for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or blood in the urine or stools. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients on Heparin therapy and adjust the dosage as needed to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.
Enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid has been prescribed for a patient to treat chronic arthritis. The patient calls the clinic nurse because of gagging and difficulty swallowing the tablets. What response would the nurse give to the patient?
- A. Crush the tablets and mix with juice or food'
- B. I’ll notify the healthcare provider for a medication change'
- C. Open the tablet and mix the contents with food'
- D. Swallow the tablets with large amounts of water or milk'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed or opened, as this disrupts their protective coating and can cause gastric irritation. The patient should be instructed to swallow the tablets whole with plenty of water or milk. Crushing (A) or opening the tablets (C) is inappropriate. Notifying the healthcare provider (B) may be necessary if the patient cannot tolerate the medication.
Why is it important to monitor ins and outs with patients using ACE inhibitors?
- A. To assess for renal impairment
- B. You must make sure the patient is receiving adequate fluid intake
- C. To assess the patient for potential heart failure
- D. To assess for decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to monitor ins and outs with patients using ACE inhibitors to assess for decreased blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are known to lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, which can sometimes lead to hypotension (low blood pressure). Monitoring the patient's fluid intake and output helps healthcare providers evaluate the patient's blood pressure response to the medication and make necessary adjustments to prevent complications such as dizziness, falls, or fainting. Regular monitoring is crucial to ensure the patient's safety and optimize the effectiveness of ACE inhibitor therapy.
A local municipality is alerted that low doses of carbon tetrachloride have been dumped into the drinking water. A public health alert is transmitted to all residents of this town. Which of the following signs and symptoms should these residents be aware of?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Eye irritation
- C. Nausea
- D. Stupor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbon tetrachloride exposure causes nausea , reflecting GI and hepatic toxicity. Convulsions and stupor occur with high doses. Eye irritation and vomiting (E) are less specific. Low-dose ingestion aligns with nausea as a primary symptom.
The pregnant patient tells the nurse that her prescribed medication is not as effective as it was before her pregnancy. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. This is because your blood volume has increased
- B. Tell me how you have been taking your medication
- C. This is because your baby is receiving part of the medication
- D. Maybe the medication has expired; check the label
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy increases blood volume (50% more), diluting drugs, reducing efficacy-e.g., lower concentration per unit volume, a pharmacokinetic shift. Asking about administration checks adherence, not cause. Baby receiving drug is unlikely-placental transfer varies. Expiration is a guess, not tied to pregnancy. Blood volume explains the change, addressing her concern.