Nokea
An adolescent girl asks the school nurse for advice because she has dysmenorrhea. She says that a friend recommended she try an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. Aspirin is the drug of choice for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
- B. Over-the-counter NSAIDs are rarely strong enough to provide adequate pain relief.
- C. NSAIDs are effective because of their analgesic effect.
- D. NSAIDs are effective because they inhibit prostaglandins, leading to reduction in uterine activity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NSAIDs are effective for treating dysmenorrhea because they work by inhibiting prostaglandins, which are responsible for causing increased uterine activity and thus pain during menstruation. By reducing prostaglandin levels, NSAIDs help to decrease uterine contractions and consequently alleviate menstrual cramps. This mechanism of action makes NSAIDs an appropriate and effective choice for managing dysmenorrhea.
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Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo contagiosa?
- A. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation.
- B. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris.
- C. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child.
- D. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carefully washing hands and maintaining cleanliness when caring for an infected child with impetigo contagiosa is important due to its highly contagious nature. Impetigo is a skin infection that is easily spread through direct contact with the lesions or with items contaminated by the infected person such as towels, clothing, or bedding. By washing hands and maintaining cleanliness, caregivers can help prevent the spread of infection to others and minimize the risk of re-infection to the child. This nursing consideration is crucial in managing impetigo and promoting the child's recovery.
A 7-year-old child has been diagnosed with rheumatic fever. Which of the following physical findings would the nurse expect to assess?
- A. Vesicular rash over the face and chest
- B. Warm and swollen knees and elbows
- C. Palpable mass in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
- D. Yellow pigmentation of the sclera of the eyes 103 the following meets the Jone's criteria?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can affect different parts of the body, including the joints. The typical physical finding in a child with rheumatic fever is warm and swollen joints, especially in the knees and elbows. This is known as migratory arthritis and is one of the major criteria in the Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever. Other major criteria include carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and Sydenham chorea. So, in a 7-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic fever, the nurse would expect to assess warm and swollen joints as part of the physical examination.
A post-TURP patient experiences dribbling following removal of his catheter. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Have him restrict fluid intake to 1000 mL/day
- B. Teach him to perform Kegel's exercises 10 to 20 times per hour
- C. Reinsert the Foley catheter until he regains urinary control
- D. Reassure him that incontinence never lasts more than a few days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best course of action for a post-TURP patient experiencing dribbling after catheter removal is to teach him to perform Kegel's exercises 10 to 20 times per hour. Kegel exercises help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can improve urinary control and reduce dribbling. Restricting fluid intake is not recommended as it can lead to dehydration. Reinserting the Foley catheter is not ideal unless there are complications. Incontinence following TURP can take time to improve, so reassuring the patient that it never lasts more than a few days may give false expectations. Teaching Kegel exercises is the most appropriate intervention to address post-TURP dribbling.
Which food is recommended for the patient who must increase intake of potassium?
- A. Bread
- B. Potato
- C. Egg
- D. Cereal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a key role in numerous bodily functions, including muscle contractions and maintaining proper heart function. Among the options given, potatoes are an excellent source of potassium. One medium-sized potato can provide around 900 mg of potassium, making it a great choice for individuals who need to increase their potassium intake. Therefore, potatoes are recommended for the patient who must increase their intake of potassium.
Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client care fully for which of the following conditions?
- A. Hypocortisolism.
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client carefully for hypocortisolism, also known as adrenal insufficiency. This is because the procedure involves removing the pituitary gland, which plays a critical role in regulating cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Without proper cortisol production, the client may develop symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, and nausea. Monitoring for signs of hypocortisolism is crucial for prompt detection and intervention to prevent adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hypercalcemia are not typically direct concerns following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.