Nokea
An adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus is hospitalized for appendicitis. He is weak and nauseated with poor skin turgor. The nurse notes a fruity odor to the client's breath. The client uses insulin. The nurse should suspect:
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Insulin overdose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fruity breath, weakness, nausea, and poor skin turgor in a type 1 diabetic suggest diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia would present with shakiness or sweating, not fruity breath.
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A client is taking 600 mg of valproic acid (Depakene) twice daily. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Tremors.
- B. Hair loss.
- C. Gastrointestinal upset.
- D. Anorexia.
- E. Weight gain.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Valproic acid commonly causes tremors, gastrointestinal upset (e.g., nausea), and weight gain. Hair loss and anorexia are less common side effects.
Which is most closely aligned with ethics?
- A. Morals
- B. Laws
- C. Statutes
- D. Client rights
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethics is most closely aligned with morals , as both involve principles of right and wrong that guide behavior, whereas laws and statutes are legal frameworks, and client rights are specific entitlements.
A client with a history of type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide (Glucotrol). The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Take the medication 30 minutes before meals.
- B. Avoid alcohol consumption.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Stop the medication if blood glucose normalizes.
Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale: Glipizide should be taken 30 minutes before meals to optimize glucose control, and alcohol should be avoided to prevent hypoglycemia.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which of the following flow rates is most appropriate for this client?
- A. 1-2 L/min via nasal cannula.
- B. 4-6 L/min via face mask.
- C. 8-10 L/min via non-rebreather mask.
- D. 12-15 L/min via Venturi mask.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A flow rate of 1-2 L/min via nasal cannula is appropriate for COPD clients to avoid suppressing their hypoxic respiratory drive.
You have decided to use the Dimensions Model of Health model to assess, monitor and evaluate the health status of the community. Which of these dimensions is NOT an element of this Dimensions Model of Health model?
- A. The Biophysical Dimension
- B. The Psychological and Emotional Dimension
- C. The Spiritual Dimension
- D. The Health Systems Dimension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Dimensions Model of Health typically includes biophysical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. The Health Systems Dimension is not a standard component of this model.