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Which of the following best describes the concept of holistic nursing?
- A. An approach that integrates the mind, body, and spirit in patient care
- B. A method that focuses solely on physical health
- C. A practice that considers only the patient's physical condition
- D. A framework for improving hospital administration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because holistic nursing emphasizes integrating the mind, body, and spirit in patient care, considering the patient as a whole being. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of health, promoting overall well-being. Choice B is incorrect because holistic nursing goes beyond physical health. Choice C is incorrect as it neglects the emotional and spiritual aspects. Choice D is unrelated to holistic nursing as it focuses on hospital administration rather than patient care. Holistic nursing aims to provide comprehensive and individualized care, acknowledging the importance of addressing all dimensions of a patient's health.
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Which of the following conditions would be well suited to the use of a nursing critical pathway?
- A. Foreign object in the ear
- B. Fever of unknown origin
- C. Hip replacement surgery
- D. Bacterial infection acquired in a foreign country
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hip replacement surgery. Nursing critical pathways are designed for standardized, evidence-based care plans for specific medical conditions or procedures. Hip replacement surgery is a well-defined process with clear guidelines for pre-op, intra-op, and post-op care, making it suitable for a critical pathway. Foreign object in the ear (A) requires immediate intervention but doesn't involve a complex care pathway. Fever of unknown origin (B) requires extensive diagnostic workup, making it less suitable for a standardized pathway. Bacterial infection acquired in a foreign country (D) may have variable presentations and treatment, not fitting a standardized pathway.
How does decision making differ from problem solving?
- A. Decision making always involves selecting from a set of alternatives.
- B. Problem solving always involves selecting one of several alternatives.
- C. Problem solving never involves decision making.
- D. Decision making always involves solving a problem.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because decision making involves evaluating different options and choosing the best one among them, while problem solving focuses on finding a solution to a specific issue or challenge. Therefore, decision making requires selecting from a set of alternatives, which is not always the case in problem solving.
Choice B is incorrect because problem solving may not always involve selecting one of several alternatives; it can also involve finding a creative or innovative solution.
Choice C is incorrect because decision making can be part of problem solving when determining the best course of action.
Choice D is incorrect because decision making does not always involve solving a problem; it can also involve making choices in various situations.
Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
- A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
- B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
- C. Ethics are very specific.
- D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws. Ethical principles often guide the creation of laws to ensure societal order and justice. Laws are based on ethical values and aim to regulate behavior accordingly. Therefore, ethical principles can be seen as a standard for measuring actions, influencing the development and enforcement of laws.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. The government enforces laws, not ethics.
B: Incorrect. Laws are based on ethics, but they are not the same.
C: Incorrect. Ethics are broad principles, not specific rules.
A unit director at a local hospital knows even leadership may face ethical dilemmas. Which of the following should the director take into consideration when dealing with an employee who is incompetent?
- A. The situation should be tolerated for as long as possible because of the amount of time and paperwork required to terminate an incompetent nurse.
- B. Incompetence only impacts the individual nurse.
- C. The director should follow her institution’s formal process for reporting and handling practices that jeopardize patient safety.
- D. Most nurse practice acts direct how to handle incompetent nurses.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the director should follow the institution's formal process for reporting and handling practices that jeopardize patient safety. This is crucial to maintain high standards of patient care and ensure accountability. Choice A is incorrect as tolerating incompetence can lead to serious consequences for patient safety. Choice B is incorrect as incompetence can impact patient outcomes and overall quality of care. Choice D is incorrect as nurse practice acts may provide guidelines but the institution's specific process should be followed to address incompetence effectively.
The manager of a medical-surgical unit is very task-motivated. Using Fiedler's Contingency Theory, under what circumstances would the manager be most effective?
- A. Only during highly stressful situations.
- B. When there is little to no stress.
- C. Under highly structured situations.
- D. When the situation is loosely structured.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, task-motivated leaders are most effective in highly structured situations. This is because in such environments, the leader can focus on task accomplishment and clearly defined goals without needing to rely heavily on interpersonal relationships. In contrast, in loosely structured situations, task-motivated leaders may struggle as the lack of clear direction and ambiguity can hinder their task-oriented approach. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A and B are incorrect as they focus on stress levels, which are not directly related to the effectiveness of task-motivated leaders. Choice D is incorrect because loosely structured situations are not ideal for task-motivated leaders according to Fiedler's theory.