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An adult male has a high level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in proportion to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). How does this relate to his risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD)?
- A. His risk for CAD is low.
- B. There is no direct correlation.
- C. His risk may increase with exercise.
- D. His risk will increase with age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A high HDL-to-LDL ratio is protective against coronary artery disease, lowering risk due to HDL’s role in removing cholesterol from arteries.
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Which nursing response is most appropriate at this time?
- A. Cleaning up the floor and saying nothing
- B. Finding out what food would be preferred
- C. Allowing the client to vent his or her feelings
- D. Leaving the client alone until feeling better
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the client to vent feelings addresses emotional distress and supports coping.
After the client has been successfully resuscitated by the nurse, which body position is most correct while awaiting transfer to the emergency department?
- A. Supine with the head elevated
- B. On the side upper knee flexed
- C. Prone with the head lowered
- D. Flat with the knees extended
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Flat with knees extended ensures airway patency and circulation stability post-resuscitation.
The client is exhibiting sinus bradycardia, is complaining of syncope and weakness, and has a BP of 98/60. Which collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate being implemented?
- A. Administer a thrombolytic medication.
- B. Assess the client's cardiovascular status.
- C. Prepare for insertion of a pacemaker.
- D. Obtain a permit for synchronized cardioversion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptomatic bradycardia (syncope, hypotension) often requires a pacemaker (C). Thrombolytics (A) are for MI, assessment (B) is ongoing, and cardioversion (D) is for tachydysrhythmias.
Which intervention should the nurse implement with the client diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- A. Keep the client in the supine position with the legs elevated.
- B. Discuss a heart transplant, which is the definitive treatment.
- C. Prepare the client for coronary artery bypass graft.
- D. Teach the client to take a calcium channel blocker in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy may require heart transplant (B) as definitive treatment in severe cases. Supine position (A) increases preload, CABG (C) is for CAD, and calcium channel blockers (D) are not first-line.
When the nurse informs the client about the use of the PCA pump, which instruction is most important to include?
- A. Press the button only when pain is severe.
- B. Only the client should press the PCA button.
- C. Wait 30 minutes between doses.
- D. Record the number of doses used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only the client should press the PCA button to prevent overdose and ensure pain relief is patient-controlled.