Nokea
An allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered as treatment for a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. What information should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this procedure?
- A. There is no risk for graft-versus-host disease because the donated marrow is treated to remove cancer cells
- B. The patient’s bone marrow will be removed,treated stored and then reinfused after intensive chemotherapy
- C. Peripheral stem cells are obtained from a donor who has a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match with the patient
- D. There is no need for posttransplant protective isolation because the stem cells are infused directly into the blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral stem cells from an HLA-matched donor are used in allogenic transplants.
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What is a characteristic feature of atopy?
- A. Tendency to produce IgE in response to allergens
- B. Excess production of IgA antibodies
- C. Suppressed immune response to allergens
- D. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Atopy is a genetic predisposition to produce IgE antibodies in response to allergens.
2. IgE antibodies play a crucial role in allergic reactions.
3. Individuals with atopy have an exaggerated immune response to allergens.
4. Excess production of IgA antibodies (B) and suppressed immune response to allergens (C) are not characteristic features of atopy.
5. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (D) involve a different immune mechanism compared to the immediate IgE-mediated response in atopy.
A nurse has presented an educational program to a community group on Lyme disease. What statement by a participant indicates the need to review the material?
- A. I should take precautions against ticks, especially in the summer.
- B. A red rash that looks like a bull's-eye may be one of the symptoms.
- C. If Lyme disease is not treated successfully, it is usually fatal.
- D. For Stage I disease, antibiotics are usually needed for 14 to 21 days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Lyme disease is rarely fatal if treated promptly.
Step 2: Choice C states that Lyme disease is usually fatal if not treated successfully, which is incorrect.
Step 3: Therefore, this statement indicates a need for review as it spreads misinformation.
Step 4: Choices A, B, and D are accurate and align with the information provided in the educational program.
Step 5: In summary, the need to review the material is highlighted by the inaccurate statement in choice C, as the other choices provide correct information on Lyme disease.
A naïve lymphocyte:
- A. Does not yet express antigen receptors
- B. Is not yet considered mature
- C. Has not yet been activated by antigen
- D. Is found only in primary lymphoid tissues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Naïve lymphocytes have antigen receptors but have not been activated by antigen.
2. Activation is necessary for their differentiation into effector cells.
3. Naïve lymphocytes are considered mature as they have completed development.
4. They circulate in secondary lymphoid tissues, not just primary lymphoid tissues.
Summary:
Choice C is correct because naïve lymphocytes have antigen receptors but have not been activated by antigen. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because naïve lymphocytes do express antigen receptors, are considered mature, and can be found in both primary and secondary lymphoid tissues.
What is true about OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)?
- A. Induces mainly an IgG response
- B. Is currently the method of choice because considered safer than IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)
- C. Induces mucosal immunity that blocks enteric infection and viral transmission
- D. All of the above is true about OPV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because OPV induces mucosal immunity that blocks enteric infection and viral transmission. This is crucial in preventing the spread of poliovirus through the fecal-oral route. Choice A is incorrect because OPV primarily induces an IgA response in the mucosal surfaces, not IgG. Choice B is incorrect because while OPV is effective, it carries a risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus, making IPV the preferred choice in some situations. Therefore, Choice C is the most accurate as it highlights the unique ability of OPV to induce mucosal immunity, which is essential for preventing poliovirus transmission.
AIRE is expressed in
- A. Bone marrow
- B. Thymic cortical region
- C. Thymic medullary region
- D. LN cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thymic medullary region. AIRE (Autoimmune Regulator) is expressed in the thymic medullary region. This region is crucial for central tolerance by deleting self-reactive T cells to prevent autoimmune reactions. AIRE regulates the expression of tissue-specific antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells, leading to negative selection of autoreactive T cells. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as AIRE is not primarily expressed in bone marrow, thymic cortical region, or LN cortex.