Nokea
How can preserving skin integrity impact the circular chain of infection?
- A. Host
- B. Reservoir
- C. Mode of transmission
- D. Portal of entry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preserving skin integrity plays a key role in breaking the chain of infection by eliminating the portal of entry for pathogens. When the skin is intact, it acts as a natural barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body. By maintaining skin integrity through proper hygiene and wound care, the risk of infection is significantly reduced, disrupting the cycle of infection transmission.
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A new head nurse on a unit is distressed about the poor staffing on the 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. shift. What should she do?
- A. Complain to her fellow nurses
- B. Wait until she knows more about the unit
- C. Discuss the problem with her supervisor
- D. Inform the staff that they must volunteer to rotate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the new head nurse should discuss the problem with her supervisor. This is the most appropriate action as the supervisor is in a position to address staffing concerns effectively and make necessary changes. Complaining to fellow nurses may not lead to a solution, waiting may exacerbate the issue, and demanding staff rotation without proper discussion is not a collaborative approach to resolving the problem.
The healthcare provider orders an IV solution of dextrose 5% in water at 100ml/hour. What would the flow rate be if the drop factor is 15 gtt = 1 ml?
- A. 5 gtt/minute
- B. 13 gtt/minute
- C. 25 gtt/minute
- D. 50 gtt/minute
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To determine the flow rate in drops per minute, multiply the ordered volume per hour by the drop factor (100 ml/hour x 15 gtt/ml = 1500 gtt/hour). Then, divide the result by 60 minutes to convert it to drops per minute (1500 gtt/hour · 60 minutes = 25 gtt/minute). Therefore, the correct answer is 25 gtt/minute.
Why is a precise amount of oxygen necessary for a patient with COPD to prevent which complication?
- A. Cardiac arrest related to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2)
- B. Circulatory overload due to hypervolemia
- C. Respiratory excitement
- D. Inhibition of the respiratory hypoxic stimulus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In patients with COPD, the respiratory drive is often stimulated by low oxygen levels. Administering too much oxygen can inhibit this hypoxic drive, leading to respiratory depression and potential respiratory failure. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully regulate the oxygen therapy to prevent the inhibition of the respiratory hypoxic stimulus in COPD patients.
Which natural body defense plays an active role in preventing infection?
- A. Yawning
- B. Body hair
- C. Hiccupping
- D. Rapid eye movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Parenteral penicillin can be administered as an:
- A. IM injection or an IV solution
- B. IV or an intradermal injection
- C. Intradermal or subcutaneous injection
- D. IM or a subcutaneous injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.