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An elderly patient with dementia paces the hallway and often engages in wandering. The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting which type of behavior that is characteristic of dementia?
- A. Passive behavior
- B. Functionally impaired behavior
- C. Involuntary psychomotor behavior
- D. Nonaggressive psychomotor behavior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonaggressive psychomotor behavior. In dementia, wandering and pacing are common behaviors due to cognitive impairment. Nonaggressive behavior refers to actions that do not involve harm or aggression towards others. The patient's behavior is voluntary and purposeless, indicating psychomotor involvement. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately describe the behavior exhibited by the patient with dementia. Passive behavior implies lack of engagement, functionally impaired behavior suggests difficulty performing activities of daily living, and involuntary psychomotor behavior implies actions beyond the patient's control, which are not the case in this scenario.
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A nurse assesses an elderly patient. The nurse should complete the Geriatric Depression Scale if the patient answers which question affirmatively.
- A. Would you say your mood is often sad?'
- B. Are you having any trouble with your memory?'
- C. Have you noticed an increase in your alcohol use?'
- D. Do you often experience moderate to severe pain?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Feeling low may be a symptom of depression. Low moods occurring with regularity should signal the need for further assessment for other symptoms of depression. The other options do not focus on mood.
A patient with an eating disorder states, 'I heard people laughing behind me in the check-out line at the department store. I bet they thought it was hysterically funny that I gained a pound in the last few days.' The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting which cognitive distortion related to maladaptive eating regulation responses?
- A. Magnification
- B. Personalization
- C. Overgeneralization
- D. Dichotomous thinking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Personalization. Personalization is a cognitive distortion where an individual takes responsibility for events that are not entirely their fault. In this scenario, the patient is attributing the laughter of people in the check-out line to being about them and their weight gain, when in reality, the laughter may have had nothing to do with them. This distortion can contribute to feelings of guilt, shame, and self-blame.
A: Magnification involves exaggerating the importance or meaning of an event, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Overgeneralization involves making broad negative conclusions based on a single event, which is not demonstrated here.
D: Dichotomous thinking is the tendency to view situations in black and white terms, with no middle ground, which is not present in the patient's statement.
Select the central concept around which a family education plan for preventing childhood eating problems is constructed:
- A. Promoting self-demand feeding for the child.
- B. Distinguishing between physical and psychological hunger.
- C. Scheduling meals because children do not recognize physical hunger.
- D. Parental expectations of ideal intake as determinants of healthy eating habits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting self-demand feeding for the child. This approach encourages the child to listen to their own hunger cues and regulate their food intake accordingly, promoting a healthy relationship with food. It empowers the child to develop autonomy and self-awareness around eating habits.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
B: While distinguishing between physical and psychological hunger is important, it is not the central concept for preventing childhood eating problems.
C: Scheduling meals may not align with the child's natural hunger cues and can potentially lead to disordered eating patterns.
D: Parental expectations can create pressure around eating, potentially leading to negative relationships with food.
A patient remanded by the court after his wife had him jailed for battery told the judge how sorry he was and suggested he needed psychiatric help. His history reveals acting-out behaviors as an adolescent and several adult arrests. The nurse interviews him about his relationship with his wife. Which statement by the patient is most consistent with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?
- A. I've done some stupid things in my life, but I've learned a lesson.'
- B. I'm feeling terrible about the way my behavior has hurt my family.'
- C. I have a quick temper, but I can usually keep it under control.'
- D. I hit her because she nags at me. She deserves it when I beat her up.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates a lack of remorse, empathy, and justification for violent behavior, which are key characteristics of antisocial personality disorder. The statement indicates a pattern of blaming others for his actions and a sense of entitlement to use violence as a means of control.
Choice A is incorrect because it shows acknowledgment of past mistakes and a willingness to learn from them, which is not typical of individuals with antisocial personality disorder. Choice B is incorrect as it reflects genuine regret and concern for the impact of his actions, which is inconsistent with the disorder. Choice C is incorrect because it implies an ability to control his temper, whereas individuals with antisocial personality disorder often struggle with impulsivity and aggression.
Which remarks by a 72-year-old patient should prompt the nurse to assess for depression? Select one tha does not apply.
- A. Lately I have had a lot of aches and pains and just havent felt very well.
- B. People are in and out of my room all day and all night taking my things.
- C. Dont ask me to eat. I cant because my stomach is upset all the time.
- D. Im eating more than usual, and I am sleeping about 6 hours a night.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Somatic symptoms (A), delusions of persecution (B), and nihilistic delusions (C) are common in late-onset depression, warranting assessment. Increased appetite and contentment (D, E) do not suggest depression.