Nokea
An element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 is most likely to be:
- A. Iron (Fe)
- B. Cobalt (Co)
- C. Nickel (Ni)
- D. Manganese (Mn)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 corresponds to Iron (Fe). Iron has 26 protons, which aligns with the given atomic number, and Fe-56 has 26 neutrons, which aligns with the given mass number. This confirms that Iron (Fe) is the correct answer. Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Manganese (Mn) have different atomic numbers and mass numbers, so they are not the correct choices in this scenario.
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Which of the following is responsible for regulating body temperature?
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Thyroid gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and maintaining overall homeostasis in the body. It receives input from temperature receptors in the skin and internal organs and helps initiate responses to maintain a stable internal body temperature. Acting as the body's thermostat, the hypothalamus adjusts responses to ensure the body's temperature remains within a narrow range, despite external conditions. The Cerebellum (Choice B) is primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance, not regulating body temperature. The Pituitary gland (Choice C) is responsible for producing and secreting hormones that regulate various bodily functions but not directly involved in body temperature regulation. The Thyroid gland (Choice D) plays a role in metabolism and hormone regulation but is not the primary regulator of body temperature.
Which of the following describes a difference between cytosol and the mitochondrion?
- A. Cytosol is a membrane-bound organelle, but the mitochondrion is not
- B. Cytosol is part of the cytoplasm, but the mitochondrion is not
- C. The mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle, but cytosol is not
- D. The mitochondrion is part of the cytoplasm, but cytosol is not
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle, while cytosol is the fluid part of the cytoplasm. This differentiation highlights that the mitochondrion has its own membrane structure separating it from the cytoplasm, whereas cytosol is not membrane-bound and represents the liquid portion of the cytoplasm. Choice A is incorrect because cytosol is not a membrane-bound organelle, and the mitochondrion is also not described accurately. Choice B is incorrect as cytosol is indeed part of the cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect because both the mitochondrion and cytosol are part of the cytoplasm, but the mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle unlike cytosol.
The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the:
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Parathyroid gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, which play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. The other choices, thyroid gland (choice A), pituitary gland (choice B), and parathyroid gland (choice D), do not have a primary role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, the pituitary gland controls various endocrine functions, and the parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the body.
Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides:
- A. Flexibility
- B. Lubrication
- C. Insulation
- D. Tensile strength
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides tensile strength. Tendons and ligaments need to withstand tension and forces acting upon them, and the dense irregular connective tissue helps provide this strength and support. Choice A, flexibility, is incorrect because tendons and ligaments primarily provide support and stability rather than flexibility. Choice B, lubrication, is not the main function of dense irregular connective tissue in tendons and ligaments. Choice C, insulation, is also incorrect as this tissue type is not primarily involved in providing insulation.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
- A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
- B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
- C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes
- D. Modifies the structure of proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.