Nokea
An inadequate diet during pregnancy can __________.
- A. lead to higher birth weight and greater brain weight
- B. reduce the risk of pregnancy-induced maternal diabetes
- C. distort the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas
- D. lead to fewer physical discomforts in the final weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the distortion of the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in the developing fetus. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of these organs and essential for the overall well-being of the baby. A balanced diet supports optimal growth and development, while inadequate nutrition can have detrimental effects on the baby's organs and long-term health.
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During her labor, Renee asks for a mild dose of painkillers to help her relax. Renee will probably be given __________.
- A. an anesthetic
- B. an analgesic
- C. folic acid
- D. an anti-inflammatory medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renee will likely be given an analgesic during her labor to help manage her pain and provide relaxation. Analgesics are painkillers that can help reduce pain without causing loss of consciousness, making them suitable for labor pain management. Examples of analgesics commonly used during labor include opioids like morphine and non-opioids like acetaminophen.
Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory all stress __________.
- A. nature over nurture
- B. changes in thinking
- C. unconscious motives and drives
- D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotskyƒ¢¢â€š¬¢â€ž¢s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.
This means that Andrew __________.
- A. is in good physical condition
- B. needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs
- C. is in serious danger and should receive emergency medical attention
- D. was in danger at birth, but quickly recovered and is now in good physical condition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement "Andrew needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs" refers to the initial steps taken to ensure a newborn's well-being after birth. This is a common practice to ensure that the newborn is transitioning smoothly into the outside world and is not indicative of a serious danger that requires emergency medical attention.
Increasingly, researchers __________.
- A. assume that development stops at adolescence
- B. view old age as a period of decline
- C. view heredity as more influential than the environment
- D. see development as a perpetually ongoing process
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasingly, researchers see development as a perpetually ongoing process. This perspective emphasizes that development continues throughout the lifespan, rather than stopping at a particular age like adolescence. Researchers now focus on understanding how individuals change and grow over time, recognizing that development is a lifelong journey influenced by both biological and environmental factors.
The clinical method __________.
- A. allows investigators to see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain
- B. must be conducted with large groups of people at the same time
- C. provides little information on how children and adults actually behave
- D. yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The clinical method yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights. This method involves in-depth interviews, direct observation, and structured interactions to gather detailed information about an individual's behavior and development. It focuses on understanding the unique aspects of an individual's experience and can provide rich insights into behavior and development.