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An individual has been to his health-care provider for complaints of back pain and was informed that he has a bulging vertebral disk. He must now decide whether he wants to see a chiropractor for treatment, obtain a second opinion, or follow the instructions of this health-care provider. This individual is in which of the phases of illness?
- A. Prodromal phase
- B. Dependency phase
- C. Seeking help phase
- D. Recovery phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The seeking help phase involves consulting healthcare providers and making decisions about treatment, as described in the scenario.
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Which are modifiable risk factors for diseases?
- A. Smoking
- B. Diet high in fat
- C. Genetic makeup
- D. Age and gender
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Smoking (A) and a high-fat diet (B) are behaviors that can be changed, unlike genetic makeup (C) or age and gender (D), which are non-modifiable.
Which are included in determining a person's health literacy?
- A. Assess the patient's ability to comprehend health-care information and use it to make decisions.
- B. Use a specific tool, such as an ice cream label, to assess the ability to use numbers and make calculations.
- C. Ask the patient to determine if it would be safe to eat the ice cream if he or she were allergic to certain substances.
- D. Ask the patient to read and define a list of common medical terms used to explain illnesses and treatments.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Health literacy involves understanding and using healthcare information (A), assessing safety based on health conditions like allergies (C), and comprehending medical terms (D). Using an ice cream label for numerical calculations (B) is not a standard method.
A patient is extremely stressed and decides to decrease some of her responsibilities outside of her family and job. She resigns from being PTA president and from being a Scout leader, as well as saying 'no' to some church and social obligations. This is an example of using:
- A. negative coping strategies.
- B. minimization.
- C. dissociation.
- D. positive coping strategies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reducing responsibilities to manage stress is a positive coping strategy, as it helps the individual prioritize and reduce overwhelming demands.
Which of the following could be classified as stressors?
- A. Getting married
- B. Receiving a promotion at work
- C. Losing a loved one
- D. Having a much-wanted baby
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: All listed events?getting married, receiving a promotion, losing a loved one, and having a baby?are significant life changes that can cause stress, regardless of whether they are positive or negative.
A patient who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis tells you that she has not had any joint pain or swelling for 3 months. She is hoping it has 'gone away for good.' What is probably happening with this patient?
- A. She is probably right and the acute phase of the illness is over.
- B. Because this is a chronic illness, she is probably in a remission for now.
- C. She is now in the prodromal phase of illness and no longer in the symptomatic phase.
- D. She is in the recovery phase of illness and will no longer experience those symptoms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition, and the absence of symptoms for 3 months likely indicates a period of remission, not a permanent resolution.