Nokea
An infant with trisomy 21 has a complete AV canal defect. Which finding associated with both conditions will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner expect?
- A. Crackles in both lungs
- B. Hepatomegaly
- C. Oxygen desaturation
- D. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Because infants with trisomy 21 maintain neonatal high pulmonary vascular resistance, they often do not show signs of CHF but instead will have signs of pulmonary hypertension with loud single S2 and desaturation with agitation or effort.
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Nurse Alice is providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a child, age 4. the nurse should:
- A. Compress the sternum with both hands at a depth of 1½ to 2†(4 to 5 cm)
- B. Deliver 12 breaths/minute
- C. Perform only two-person CPR
- D. Use the heel of one hand for sternal compressions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 4-year-old, the heel of one hand is appropriate for sternal compressions to achieve the correct depth and avoid injury.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding delayed tooth eruption?
- A. Most common cause is idiopathic
- B. Defined as no teeth eruption by 15 months of age
- C. Mechanical blockade can be a cause
- D. Hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism should be ruled out
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delayed tooth eruption is defined as no teeth eruption by 13 months of age, not 15 months.
BP screenings to detect end-organ damage should be done routinely beginning at what age?
- A. Birth
- B. 3 years
- C. 8 years
- D. 13 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended age to establish a baseline blood pressure in a healthy child is around 3 years.
When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein foods.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension, which are common in AGN.
Which is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?
- A. Pulmonary congestion
- B. Congenital heart defect
- C. Heart failure
- D. Systemic venous congestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The definition of heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures to meet the body’s metabolic demands. Pulmonary congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Congenital heart defect is a malformation of the heart present at birth. Systemic venous congestion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the systemic vasculature.