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An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. `The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. `The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. `The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. `The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: `The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior. Cognitive theories in psychiatric-mental health nursing focus on how internal thought processes, such as perceptions, beliefs, and interpretations, influence behavior. They emphasize the role of cognition in shaping emotions and actions. This statement accurately reflects the core focus of cognitive theories.
Choice A is incorrect because it refers more to psychological theories that explain mental processes' development and effects on behavior in general, not specifically focusing on cognitive processes. Choice B is incorrect as it describes behavioral theories that emphasize learning and actions rather than internal thought processes. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to developmental theories that explain normal human growth and maturation, not specifically cognitive processes and behavior.
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A nursing instructor is describing the DSM-IV-TR to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would the instructor include as the primary purpose of this classification?
- A. Provide a commonly understood diagnostic category for clinical practice.
- B. Describe treatment modalities for psychiatric disorders and mental illnesses.
- C. Identify various etiologies for mental disorders based on family histories.
- D. Provide optimal outcomes for treatment for individuals with mental illnesses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a commonly understood diagnostic category for clinical practice. The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) is to establish a standardized system for classifying mental disorders to aid clinicians in diagnosis and treatment. It provides a common language and criteria for mental health professionals to communicate effectively and ensure consistency in diagnosis.
Choice B is incorrect because the DSM-IV-TR focuses on diagnostic criteria rather than treatment modalities. Choice C is incorrect as the DSM-IV-TR does not primarily focus on identifying etiologies but rather on classification. Choice D is incorrect as the manual does not provide specific outcomes for treatment but rather aids in diagnosing mental disorders.
A nursing student is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. When talking about this patient in a clinical postconference, the student would use which terminology when referring to the patient?
- A. Committed patient
- B. Schizophrenic
- C. Schizophrenic patient
- D. Person with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Person with schizophrenia. This terminology is person-first language, emphasizing the individual over the condition. It is respectful, person-centered, and reduces stigma. Using terms like "schizophrenic" (B), "schizophrenic patient" (C), or "committed patient" (A) can be dehumanizing, label-focused, and perpetuate negative stereotypes. It is important to always prioritize personhood and dignity when referring to individuals with mental health conditions.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the various theories that form the basis for psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding of these theories when they identify which theorist as addressing female development? Select all that apply.
- A. Maslow
- B. Gilligan
- C. Bandura
- D. Miller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gilligan. Carol Gilligan is known for her work on female development, particularly in contrast to the male-focused theories of development by theorists like Kohlberg. Gilligan emphasized the importance of relationships, care, and compassion in moral development, which are often more central to female experiences. Maslow's hierarchy of needs (A) is a general theory of motivation, not specific to female development. Bandura (C) is known for social learning theory, which applies to all genders. Miller (D) is not a theorist associated with female development. In this context, Gilligan stands out as the theorist most directly addressing female development.
A nurse is explaining recovery to the family of a patient diagnosed with a mental disorder. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to include about this process?
- A. `It is a step-by-step process from being ill to being well.
- B. `The patient focuses mainly on the emotional aspects of his condition.
- C. `The patient is helped to live a meaningful life to his fullest potential.
- D. `Although peer support is important, the self-acceptance is essential.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because recovery from a mental disorder involves helping the patient live a meaningful life to their fullest potential. This statement acknowledges the holistic approach to recovery, focusing not only on symptom management but also on empowerment and quality of life. It emphasizes the importance of supporting the patient in achieving their goals and aspirations. On the other hand, choices A and B are too simplistic and do not capture the complexity of the recovery process. Choice D, although acknowledging the importance of self-acceptance, does not encompass the broader concept of living a fulfilling life beyond just peer support and self-acceptance.
A nurse is working on developing ways to meet the challenge of knowledge development. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
- A. Access new information through continuing education programs.
- B. Improve access to community psychiatric care for all populations.
- C. Reduce the burden of mental illness by fighting stigma.
- D. Provide culturally competent, high-quality nursing care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because continuing education programs help nurses stay updated with the latest evidence-based practices and advancements in healthcare. This enables them to enhance their knowledge and skills, ultimately improving patient care outcomes. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on access to care rather than knowledge development. Choice C is incorrect because fighting stigma, while important, does not directly relate to knowledge development. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to providing care rather than developing knowledge. Therefore, the most appropriate way for the nurse to meet the challenge of knowledge development is through accessing new information via continuing education programs.