Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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An obese Hispanic client, age 65, is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement about diabetes mellitus is true?

  • A. Nearly two-thirds of client with diabetes mellitus are over age
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects people of all ages, but the prevalence increases with age. As people get older, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases. Research has shown that nearly two-thirds of individuals with diabetes are over the age of 60. Age is a significant risk factor for developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, which is more common in older individuals. Therefore, the statement "Nearly two-thirds of clients with diabetes mellitus are over the age of 60" is true.

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In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT

  • A. 10 weeks - midgut returns to abdomen
  • B. 12 weeks - external genitalia formed
  • C. 24 weeks - surfactant production begun
  • D. 26 weeks - face clearly recognizable
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Face recognition typically occurs earlier than 26 weeks.

You are examining an infant with multiple cutaneous hemangiomas; you suspect involvement of internal organs. The MOST common site of visceral involvement by hemangiomas is

  • A. brain
  • B. heart
  • C. lung
  • D. liver
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Liver is the most common site of visceral involvement by hemangiomas.

Which of the following is the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC)?

  • A. Neutrophil
  • B. Basophil
  • C. Eosinophil
  • D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neutrophils are the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC) in the body, comprising about 60-70% of the total WBC count. They are a critical component of the immune system, playing a key role in fighting bacterial infections through phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying pathogens). Neutrophils are known for their rapid response to infections and are often the first responders to sites of inflammation. Their abundance and rapid mobilization make them essential in the body's defense against harmful pathogens.

A client with thrombocytopenia secondary to leukemia develops epistaxis. The nurse should instruct the client to:

  • A. Lie supine with his neck extended
  • B. Sit upright, leaning slightly forward
  • C. Blow his nose and then put lateral pressure on his nose
  • D. Hold his nose while bending forward at the waist
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to sit upright, leaning slightly forward when experiencing epistaxis (nosebleed). This position helps prevent blood from dripping down the back of the throat, reducing the risk of aspiration. In the case of a client with thrombocytopenia secondary to leukemia, the blood may have difficulty clotting due to low platelet counts. Therefore, it is important to minimize bleeding as much as possible. Lying supine with the neck extended may increase the risk of blood flowing down the throat, while blowing the nose or putting lateral pressure on it may aggravate the bleeding. Holding the nose while bending forward at the waist may also increase blood flow towards the head. Sitting upright, leaning slightly forward is the safest position to prevent complications associated with epistaxis in this case.

Of the following, the MOST likely cause of constipation is

  • A. hypothyroidism
  • B. Hirschsprung disease
  • C. functional constipation
  • D. celiac disease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Functional constipation is the most common cause of constipation in children, often due to diet or behavioral factors.

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