Nokea
An object is thrown upwards and reaches a maximum height. Which of the following statements is TRUE about its velocity and acceleration at the peak?
- A. Velocity is zero and acceleration is maximum upwards.
- B. Velocity is maximum and acceleration is zero.
- C. Velocity is maximum and acceleration is maximum upwards.
- D. Velocity is zero and acceleration is maximum downwards.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At the peak of the object's motion, its velocity is zero because it momentarily stops before changing direction and starts to fall back down. The acceleration at the peak is maximum upwards as gravity is acting against the object's motion, slowing it down until it stops momentarily. Choice A is correct because at the peak, the object's velocity is zero, and the acceleration is maximum upwards. Choice B is incorrect because the velocity is not maximum but zero at the peak. Choice C is incorrect as both velocity and acceleration are not maximum at the peak. Choice D is incorrect as the acceleration at the peak is upwards, opposing the object's motion, not downwards.
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What is the term for the process of bone formation and breakdown?
- A. Ossification
- B. Resorption
- C. Remodeling
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct term for the process of bone formation and breakdown is remodeling. Ossification specifically refers to bone formation, while resorption pertains to bone breakdown. Remodeling encompasses both processes, as it involves the continuous cycle of bone formation and resorption to maintain bone strength and structure. Choice A, 'Ossification,' is incorrect as it only refers to bone formation. Choice B, 'Resorption,' is incorrect as it only refers to bone breakdown. Choice D, 'All of the above,' is incorrect as it includes terms that are not comprehensive of both bone formation and breakdown.
Which of the following is an example of a salt?
- A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- C. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- D. Sulfuric acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of a salt. Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. In this case, sodium chloride is formed by the reaction of sodium hydroxide (a base) with hydrochloric acid (an acid). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„) are not salts because they are not formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base, which is a characteristic of salts.
According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, which functional group has the highest priority?
- A. Alcohol (OH)
- B. Aldehyde (CHO)
- C. Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
- D. Amine (NH2)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, functional groups are prioritized based on the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the functional group. Carboxylic acid (COOH) holds the highest priority as the carbon atom is directly bonded to two oxygen atoms, which have higher atomic numbers compared to carbon, hydrogen, or nitrogen. The higher the atomic number of the attached atoms, the higher the priority of the functional group in the CIP ranking system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they have lower atomic numbers in the atoms directly attached to them, making them lower in priority according to the CIP system.
What is the main function of the gallbladder?
- A. To store and concentrate bile
- B. To produce digestive enzymes
- C. To absorb nutrients
- D. To neutralize stomach acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that plays a crucial role in the digestive system. Its main function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine to help with the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile, allowing it to be released in a controlled manner when needed to aid in the digestion of fatty foods. Option A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the main function of the gallbladder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the gallbladder does not produce digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, or neutralize stomach acid. These functions are carried out by other organs in the digestive system, such as the pancreas, small intestine, and stomach, respectively.
Which compound is a component of baking soda and is important for maintaining pH balance in the body?
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a compound that plays a crucial role in maintaining pH balance in the body. When ingested, sodium bicarbonate acts as a buffer, helping to regulate the body's pH levels. It is essential for various physiological functions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Potassium, calcium, and sodium are important minerals in the body but are not components of baking soda or directly responsible for maintaining pH balance in the same way as sodium bicarbonate.