Nokea
An older adult client asks the nurse why laxatives are frequently required to have a bowel movement. The nurse bases the response to this question on knowledge that:
- A. Older adults frequently abuse laxatives
- B. Laxatives are very often contraindicated in the older population
- C. Enemas are preferred over laxatives to evacuate the bowel
- D. Decreased bowel peristalsis is common in older adults
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aging often reduces peristalsis, slowing bowel movements and increasing the need for laxatives.
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Which organ in the digestive system absorbs the most water from food?
- A. esophagus
- B. large intestine
- C. small intestine
- D. stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The large intestine absorbs the most water from food, turning chyme into solid waste.
Homeostasis is best described as:
- A. The process by which we change our external environment so that we are comfortable
- B. A process that uses hormones to adjust our bodily functions
- C. A process by which nerves and hormones operate together to keep the internal environment stable no matter what the external conditions
- D. A process by which the nerves make us respond to danger
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains internal stability using nerves and hormones despite external changes.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
- A. aids in protein digestion
- B. wets the food
- C. contains amylase
- D. chemical digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saliva does not aid in protein digestion; it primarily helps in moistening food, contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, and facilitates chemical digestion.
What is the name of the blood vessel that brings blood to the kidney?
- A. Hepatic artery
- B. Renal vein
- C. Hepatic vein
- D. Renal artery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney for filtration.
All of the following are true of the stomach EXCEPT?
- A. Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin by HCl
- B. Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor
- C. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
- D. The pyloric region is a major site for nutrient absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pyloric region primarily functions as a regulator of food movement into the small intestine, not as a major site for nutrient absorption.